Nchịkọta:
1. Wetting na dispersing gị n'ụlọnga
2. Defoamer
3. Ọkpụkpụ
4. Ihe mgbakwunye na-emepụta ihe nkiri
5. Mgbochi corrosion, mgbochi mildew na onye na-ahụ maka algae
6. Ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ
1 Ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri na-achụsa:
Ihe mkpuchi mmiri na-eji mmiri eme ihe dị ka ihe mgbaze ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi, na mmiri nwere nnukwu dielectric na-adịgide adịgide, ya mere a na-eme ka mkpuchi mmiri na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma site na nkwụsị nke electrostatic mgbe okpukpu abụọ eletrik na-ekpuchi.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, na usoro mkpuchi nke mmiri, a na-enwekarị polymers na ndị na-abụghị ionic surfactants, bụ ndị a na-etinye n'elu ihe mkpuchi pigmenti, na-eme ka ihe mgbochi siri ike ma na-eme ka mgbasa ahụ sie ike.Ya mere, agba nke mmiri na emulsions na-enweta nsonaazụ kwụsiri ike site na njikọ njikọta nke nchụso electrostatic na mgbochi siri ike.Ọdịmma ya bụ nguzogide electrolyte na-adịghị mma, ọkachasị maka ndị electrolytes dị ọnụ ala.
1.1 Onye nnọchi anya mmiri
A na-ekewa ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri mmiri maka mkpuchi mmiri n'ime anionic na nonionic.
Nchikota wetting gị n'ụlọnga na onye na-achụsa ihe nwere ike nweta ezigbo nsonaazụ.Ọnụ ego nke wetting n'ozuzu bụ ole na ole kwa puku.Mmetụta ọjọọ ya bụ ụfụfụ ma na-ebelata mmiri na-eguzogide ihe nkiri mkpuchi.
Otu n'ime usoro mmepe nke ndị ọrụ wetting bụ iji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) phenol ether (APEO ma ọ bụ APE), n'ihi na ọ na-eduga ná mbelata nke homonụ nwoke na oke ma na-egbochi endocrine.A na-ejikarị polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) phenol ethers mee ihe dị ka emulsifiers n'oge emulsion polymerization.
Ejima surfactants bụkwa ihe ọhụrụ.Ọ bụ molekul amphiphilic abụọ jikọtara ya na oghere.Ihe kacha pụta ìhè nke ejima-cell surfactants bụ na oke mkpata micelle (CMC) karịrị usoro nke ịdị ukwuu dị ala karịa nke ihe ndị na-ahụ maka “otu mkpụrụ ndụ” ha, na-esote arụmọrụ dị elu.Dị ka TEGO Twin 4000, ọ bụ ejima cell siloxane surfactant, ma nwee ụfụfụ na-adịghị akwụsi ike na ihe na-emebi ụfụfụ.
Ngwaahịa ikuku emepụtala Gemini surfactants.Omenala surfactants nwere a hydrophobic ọdụ na a hydrophilic isi, ma nke a ọhụrụ surfactant nwere abụọ hydrophilic otu na abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ hydrophobic otu, nke bụ a multifunctional surfactant , mara dị ka acetylene glycols, ngwaahịa ndị dị ka EnviroGem AD01.
1.2 na-ekesa
A na-ekewa ndị na-ekesa maka agba latex n'ime ụzọ anọ: ndị na-ekesa phosphate, polyacid homopolymer dispersants, polyacid copolymer dispersants na ndị ọzọ dispersants.
Ndị na-ekesa phosphate a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ polyphosphates, dị ka sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate (Calgon N, ngwaahịa nke BK Giulini Chemical Company na Germany), potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP) na tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP).Usoro nke omume ya bụ iji kwụsie ike nchụso electrostatic site na njikọ hydrogen na mgbasa ozi kemịkal.Uru ya bụ na usoro onunu ogwu dị ala, ihe dị ka 0.1%, ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta dị mma na-agbasasị na pigmenti inorganic na ndị na-ejuputa.Ma enwerekwa erughị eru: otu, yana ịkwalite uru pH na okpomọkụ, polyphosphate na-adị mfe hydrolyzed, na-akpata nkwụsi ike nchekwa ogologo oge adịghị mma;Mgbasa na-ezughị ezu na ọkara ga-emetụta glossy nke agba latex na-egbuke egbuke.
Ndị na-ekesa phosphate ester bụ ngwakọta nke monoesters, diesters, mmanya fọdụrụnụ na phosphoric acid.
Ndị na-ekesa phosphate ester na-eme ka mgbasa pigment guzosie ike, gụnyere pigmenti na-emeghachi omume dị ka zinc oxide.Na gloss agba formulations, ọ na-eme ka gloss na ọcha.N'adịghị ka ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ na-ekpo ọkụ na nke na-agbasasị, mgbakwunye nke phosphate ester dispersants adịghị emetụta KU na ICI viscosity nke mkpuchi.
Polyacid homopolymer dispersant, dị ka Tamol 1254 na Tamol 850, Tamol 850 bụ homopolymer nke methacrylic acid.Polyacid copolymer dispersant, dị ka Orotan 731A, nke bụ copolymer nke diisobutylene na maleic acid.Ihe e ji mara nke ndị a ụdị abụọ nke dispersants bụ na ha na-emepụta ike adsorption ma ọ bụ anchoring n'elu pigments na fillers, nwere ogologo molekụla agbụ na-etolite stric mgbochi, na nwere mmiri solubility na yinye nsọtụ, na ụfọdụ na- supplemented site electrostatic repulsion ka. nweta nsonaazụ kwụsiri ike.Iji mee ka onye na-ekesa ya nwee ezigbo dispersibility, a ghaghị ịchịkwa ịdị arọ nke molekụla.Ọ bụrụ na arọ molekụla dị ntakịrị, a ga-enwe ihe mgbochi siri ike zuru oke;ọ bụrụ na ịdị arọ molekụla ahụ buru ibu, ọ ga-eme flocculation.Maka ndị na-ekesa polyacrylate, enwere ike nweta mmetụta mgbasa ozi kacha mma ma ọ bụrụ na ogo nke polymerization bụ 12-18.
Ụdị mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ, dị ka AMP-95, nwere aha kemịkal nke 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.A na-agbakọta otu amino ahụ n'elu ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, na otu hydroxyl na-agbatị na mmiri, nke na-arụ ọrụ na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike site na nkwụsịtụ dị egwu.N'ihi obere nha ya, ihe mgbochi siri ike dị oke.AMP-95 bụ ọkachasị pH regulator.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, nchọpụta banyere ndị na-achụsa ihe emeriwo nsogbu nke flocculation nke ịdị arọ dị elu kpatara, na mmepe nke ịdị arọ molecular dị elu bụ otu n'ime usoro.Dị ka ihe atụ, elu molekụla arọ dispersant EFKA-4580 mepụtara emulsion polymerization na-pụrụ iche mepụtara maka mmiri dabeere ulo oru coatings, adabara organic na inorganic pigmenti dispersion, na nwere ezigbo mmiri na-eguzogide.
Otu Amino nwere ezi mmekọrịta maka ọtụtụ pigmenti site na acid-base ma ọ bụ hydrogen bonding.Ihe mgbochi copolymer na-ekesa na aminoacrylic acid ka etinyere nlebara anya na otu anchoring.
Nkesa na dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate dị ka anchoring otu
Tego Dispers 655 wetting and dispersing additive is used in waterborned automotive paints, ọ bụghị nanị iji chepụta pigmenti kamakwa iji gbochie ntụ ntụ aluminom iji mmiri mee ihe.
N'ihi nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi, e mepụtala ihe ndị nwere ike imebi mmiri na ihe na-achụsasị, dị ka EnviroGem AE usoro ejima-cell wetting na ihe na-achụsasị, bụ ndị na-eme ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpochapụ obere ụfụfụ.
2 defoamer:
E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ndị na-agbapụ agba agba agba agba mmiri, bụ́ ndị a na-ekewakarị n'ime ụzọ atọ: ndị defoamers mmanụ, polysiloxane defoamers na ndị ọzọ defoamers.
A na-ejikarị ihe mgbapụ mmanụ amịpụta eme ihe, tumadi na eserese latex dị larịị na nke na-egbuke egbuke.
Polysiloxane defoamers nwere obere esemokwu dị n'elu, nkwụsị siri ike na ikike mgbochi, ma ọ dịghị emetụta gloss, ma mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, ha ga-eme ka ntụpọ dị ka nkwụsị nke ihe nkiri mkpuchi na adịghị ike recoatability.
Ndị na-eme ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ka mmiri na-emepụta ihe na-adaba adaba na mmiri mmiri iji nweta nzube nke ịchafụ, ya mere ọ dị mfe ịmepụta ntụpọ elu na ihe nkiri mkpuchi.
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, e mepụtala ndị na-eme ihe n'ọkwa molekul.
Nke a na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara ịfụ ụfụ bụ polymer kpụrụ site n'itinye ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ antifoaming ozugbo na ihe na-ebu ya.Agbụ nke molekul nke polymer nwere otu hydroxyl wetting, a na-ekesa ihe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-arụ ọrụ na gburugburu molekul, ihe na-arụ ọrụ adịghị mfe nchịkọta, na ndakọrịta na usoro mkpuchi dị mma.Ndị na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ dị otú ahụ na-agụnye mmanụ ịnweta - FoamStar A10 series, silicon-containing - FoamStar A30 series, and non-silicon, non-polymers - FoamStar MF series.
A na-akọkwa na defoamer-larịị molekul a na-eji polymers kpakpando nke ukwuu anyado dị ka ihe ndị na-adịghị ekwekọ ekwekọ, ma nweta nsonaazụ dị mma na ngwa mkpuchi mmiri.The Air Products molecular-grade defoamer kọrọ site Stout et al.bụ onye na-ahụ maka njikwa ụfụfụ nke dabere na acetylene glycol yana defoamer nwere akụrụngwa wetting abụọ dị ka Surfynol MD 20 na Surfynol DF 37.
Na mgbakwunye, iji gboo mkpa nke imepụta mkpuchi efu-VOC, enwerekwa ndị na-eme mkpọtụ na-enweghị VOC, dị ka Agitan 315, Agitan E 255, wdg.
3 Ndị na-eme ihe ike:
E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke thickeners, ugbu a na-ejikarị bụ cellulose ether na ya mmepụta thickeners, associative alkali-swellable thickeners (HASE) na polyurethane thickeners (HEUR).
3.1.Cellulose ether na mmepụta ya
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) bụ nke mbụ ụlọ ọrụ Union Carbide mepụtara na 1932 ma nwee akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe karịrị afọ 70.Ugbu a, ndị thickeners nke cellulose ether na usoro ya tumadi gụnyere hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC), ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC), methyl hydroxypropyl Base cellulose (MHPC), methyl cellulose (MC) na xanthan chịngọm. wdg, ndị a bụ ndị na-abụghị ionic thickeners, ma sokwa na-abụghị ndị metụtara mmiri na-adọ thickeners.N'ime ha, HEC bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe na agba latex.
Hydrophobically modified cellulose (HMHEC) na-ewebata obere ego nke ogologo agbụ hydrophobic alkyl dị iche iche na hydrophilic azụ ọkpụkpụ nke cellulose na-aghọ ihe associative thickener, dị ka Natrosol Plus Grade 330, 331, Cellosize SG-100, Bermocoll EHM-100 .Mmetụta ya na-esikwu ike dị ka nke cellulose ether thickeners nwere ibu arọ molekụla ka ukwuu.Ọ na-eme ka viscosity na ọkwa nke ICI dịkwuo mma, ma na-ebelata esemokwu elu, dị ka nhụsianya elu nke HEC dị ihe dị ka 67mN / m, na mgbagwoju anya nke HMHEC bụ 55-65mN / m.
3.2 Alkali-swellable thickener
Alkali-swellable thickeners na-ekewa abụọ ige: na-abụghị associative alkali-swellable thickeners (ASE) na associative alkali-swellable thickeners (HASE), nke bụ anionic thickeners.ASE na-enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya bụ emulsion ọzịza polyacrylate alkali.Associative HASE bụ emulsion ọzịza nke polyacrylate alkali gbanwere nke hydrophobically.
3.3.Polyurethane thickener na hydrophobically gbanwetụrụ na-abụghị polyurethane thickener
Polyurethane thickener, nke a na-akpọ HEUR, bụ otu hydrophobic gbanwetụrụ ethoxylated polyurethane mmiri soluble polymer, nke bụ nke na-abụghị ionic associative thickener.HEUR mejupụtara akụkụ atọ: otu hydrophobic, hydrophilic chain and polyurethane group.The hydrophobic otu na-arụ otu mkpakọrịta ọrụ na bụ bụrụkwa ihe na-akpata thickening, na-emekarị oleyl, octadecyl, dodecylphenyl, nonylphenol, wdg The hydrophilic yinye nwere ike inye chemical kwụsie ike na viscosity kwụsie ike, a na-ejikarị bụ polyether, dị ka polyoxyethylene na ya mmepụta.Otu polyurethane dị ka IPDI, TDI na HMDI na-agbatị eriri molecular nke HEUR.Akụkụ nhazi nke ndị na-emekọ ihe ọnụ bụ na ndị otu hydrophobic kwụsịrị ha.Agbanyeghị, ogo nke nnọchi nke otu hydrophobic na nsọtụ abụọ nke ụfọdụ HEUR dị na azụmaahịa dị ala karịa 0.9, nke kachasị mma bụ naanị 1.7.Ekwesịrị ịchịkwa ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume ahụ nke ọma iji nweta polyurethane thickener nwere nkesa arọ molekụla dị warara na arụmọrụ kwụsiri ike.A na-emepụta ọtụtụ HEURs site na polymerization stepwise, yabụ HEUR ndị dị na azụmaahịa bụ ngwakọta nke ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ arọ molekụla.
Richey et al.eji fluorescent tracer pyrene Association thickener (PAT, ọnụ ọgụgụ nkezi molecular arọ 30000, arọ nkezi molekul arọ 60000) iji chọpụta na na a ịta nke 0.02% (ibu), micelle aggregation ogo nke Acrysol RM-825 na PAT bụ banyere 6. The njikọ ike n'etiti thickener na elu nke latex ahụ bụ banyere 25 KJ / mol;Mpaghara nke molekul PAT thickener nke ọ bụla nwere n'elu ihe irighiri latex bụ ihe dịka 13 nm2, nke bụ mpaghara ebe Triton X-405 wetting nọ na ugboro 14 karịa nke 0.9 nm2.Njikọ polyurethane thickener dị ka RM-2020NPR, DSX 1550, wdg.
Mmepe nke ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-akpakọrịta polyurethane thickeners enwetala nlebara anya zuru oke.Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, BYK-425 bụ VOC- na APEO-free urea gbanwetụrụ polyurethane thickener.Rheolate 210, Borchi Gel 0434, Tego ViscoPlus 3010, 3030 na 3060 bụ ihe jikọrọ polyurethane thickener na-enweghị VOC na APEO.
Na mgbakwunye na linear associative polyurethane thickeners akọwara n'elu, e nwekwara comb-dị ka associative polyurethane thickeners.Ihe a na-akpọ comb mkpakọrịta polyurethane thickener pụtara na e nwere pendant hydrophobic otu n'etiti nke ọ bụla thickener molekul.Ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka SCT-200 na SCT-275 wdg.
Aminoplast thickener hydrophobically modified (hydrophobically modified ethoxylated aminoplast thickener—HEAT) na-agbanwe amino resin pụrụ iche ka ọ bụrụ otu hydrophobic anọ nwere mkpuchi, mana mmeghachi omume nke saịtị mmeghachi omume anọ a dị iche.Na mgbakwunye na mgbakwunye nke hydrophobic dị iche iche, enwere naanị otu hydrophobic abụọ egbochiri, yabụ, amino thickener synthetic hydrophobic gbanwetụrụ adịghị iche na HEUR, dị ka Optiflo H 500. Ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere otu hydrophobic ọzọ, dị ka ihe ruru 8%. enwere ike gbanwee ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume iji mepụta amino thickeners nwere ọtụtụ hydrophobic egbochiri.N'ezie, nke a bụkwa a comb thickener.Amino thickener nke hydrophobic gbanwetụrụ nwere ike igbochi viscosity agba ka ọ ghara ịdaba n'ihi mgbakwunye nke nnukwu ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na ihe mgbaze glycol mgbe agbakwunyere agba.Ihe kpatara ya bụ na ìgwè hydrophobic siri ike nwere ike igbochi desorption, na ọtụtụ hydrophobic otu nwere njikọ siri ike.Ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka Optiflo TVS.
Hydrophobic modified polyether thickener (HMPE) arụmọrụ nke hydrophobically gbanwetụrụ polyether thickener yiri HEUR, na ngwaahịa gụnyere Aquaflow NLS200, NLS210 na NHS300 nke Hercules.
Usoro ya siri ike bụ mmetụta nke njikọta hydrogen na njikọ nke otu njedebe.E jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị na-emekọ ihe ọnụ, ọ nwere ihe ndị na-egbochi nkwụsị na mgbochi sag.Dị ka ndị dị iche iche polarities nke ọgwụgwụ otu, gbanwetụrụ polyurea thickeners nwere ike kewaa atọ ụdị: obere polarity polyurea thickeners, ọkara polarity polyurea thickeners na elu polarity polyurea thickeners.A na-eji abụọ mbụ eme ihe maka ịgbanye ihe mkpuchi na-eme ka ihe mgbaze, ebe a na-eji ihe mkpuchi polyurea dị elu mee ihe maka ihe mkpuchi na-ekpuchi elu na mkpuchi mmiri.Ngwaahịa azụmaahịa nke obere polarity, ọkara polarity na nnukwu polarity polyurea thickeners bụ BYK-411, BYK-410 na BYK-420 n'otu n'otu.
Mgbanwe polyamide wax slurry bụ ihe mgbakwunye rheological arụpụtara site na iwebata otu hydrophilic dị ka PEG n'ime agbụ molekụla nke amide wax.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ebubata ụdị ụfọdụ ma na-ejikarị emezi thixotropy nke usoro ahụ ma melite mgbochi thixotropy.Arụmọrụ mgbochi sag.
Oge nzipu: Nov-22-2022