Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) bụ polymer vasatail nwere ọtụtụ ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche gụnyere ọgwụ, nri, ihe owuwu na ihe ịchọ mma. Ihe ndị bụ isi eji emepụta HPMC bụ cellulose na propylene oxide.
1. Cellulose: ndabere nke HPMC
1.1 Nchịkọta nke cellulose
Cellulose bụ carbohydrate dị mgbagwoju anya nke bụ isi ihe nhazi nke mgbidi mkpụrụ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Ọ nwere eriri ahịrị nke mkpụrụ ndụ glucose jikọtara ọnụ site na njikọ β-1,4-glycosidic. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke hydroxyl dị na cellulose na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe mmalite kwesịrị ekwesị maka njikọ nke ụdị cellulose dị iche iche, gụnyere HPMC.
1.2 Ịzụ ahịa Cellulose
Enwere ike nweta cellulose site na ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche, dị ka pulp osisi, akwa owu, ma ọ bụ osisi ndị ọzọ na-esi ísì ụtọ. Mkpụrụ osisi bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ihi ụbara ya, ọnụ ahịa ya, yana nkwado ya. Mwepụta nke cellulose na-agụnyekarị ịkụda eriri osisi site na usoro nhazi na usoro kemịkal.
1.3 Ịdị ọcha na njirimara
Ogo na ịdị ọcha nke cellulose dị oke mkpa n'ịchọpụta njirimara nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ HPMC. Cellulose dị elu na-eme ka a hụ na a na-emepụta HPMC na ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe dị ka viscosity, solubility na thermal nkwụsi ike.
2. Propylene oxide: iwebata otu hydroxypropyl
2.1 Okwu mmalite nke propylene oxide
Propylene oxide (PO) bụ ngwakọta organic nwere usoro kemịkalụ C3H6O. Ọ bụ epoxide, nke pụtara na ọ nwere atom oxygen jikọtara na carbon carbon abụọ dị n'akụkụ. Propylene oxide bụ isi akụrụngwa maka njikọ nke hydroxypropyl cellulose, nke bụ n'etiti maka mmepụta nke HPMC.
2.2 Hydroxypropylation usoro
Usoro hydroxypropylation na-agụnye mmeghachi omume nke cellulose na propylene oxide iji webata otu hydroxypropyl na ọkpụkpụ azụ cellulose. A na-emekarị mmeghachi omume a n'ihu ihe na-akpata isi. Otu Hydroxypropyl na-enye mmanye solubility na ihe ndị ọzọ a na-achọsi ike na cellulose, na-eduga na nguzobe nke hydroxypropyl cellulose.
3. Methylation: Ịgbakwunye otu methyl
3.1 Usoro methylation
Mgbe hydroxypropylation gasịrị, nzọụkwụ ọzọ na njikọ HPMC bụ methylation. Usoro a gụnyere iwebata otu methyl n'ime ọkpụkpụ azụ cellulose. Methyl chloride bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka mmeghachi omume a. Ogo nke methylation na-emetụta njirimara nke ngwaahịa HPMC ikpeazụ, gụnyere viscosity ya na omume gel.
3.2 ogo nke nnọchi
Ogo nke nnọchi (DS) bụ isi ihe maka ịgbakọ nkezi ọnụọgụ ndị nnọchi (methyl na hydroxypropyl) kwa otu anhydroglucose n'ime agbụ cellulose. A na-ejikwa nlezianya na-achịkwa usoro mmepụta ihe iji nweta ọrụ achọrọ nke ngwaahịa HPMC.
4. Ịdị ọcha na njikwa mma
4.1 Mwepụ nke ngwaahịa
The njikọ nke HPMC nwere ike ime ka guzobe nke site-ngwaahịa dị ka nnu ma ọ bụ unreacted reagents. A na-eji usoro nhicha dị ọcha gụnyere ịsacha na nzacha iji wepụ ihe ndị a adịghị ọcha ma mee ka ịdị ọcha nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ dịkwuo mma.
4.2 Usoro njikwa mma
A na-emejuputa usoro njikwa mma siri ike n'oge usoro nrụpụta iji hụ na agbanwe agbanwe na ịdị mma nke HPMC. A na-eji usoro nyocha dị ka spectroscopy, chromatography na rheology iji nyochaa paramita dị ka ịdị arọ molekụla, ogo nnọchi na viscosity.
5. Njirimara Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)
5.1 Njirimara anụ ahụ
HPMC bụ ọcha ma na-acha ọcha, ntụ ntụ na-enweghị isi nwere ezigbo ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri. Ọ bụ hygroscopic na mfe na-etolite a transperent gel mgbe chụgara n'ime mmiri. Solubility nke HPMC na-adabere n'ogo nke nnọchi ma na-emetụta ihe ndị dị ka okpomọkụ na pH.
5.2 Chemical Ọdịdị
Ọdịdị kemịkal nke HPMC nwere ọkpụkpụ azụ cellulose nwere hydroxypropyl na methyl substituents. Oke nke ihe nnọchi anya ndị a, gosipụtara na ogo nnọchi, na-ekpebi usoro kemịkalụ n'ozuzu ya wee si otú a mara mma nke HPMC.
5.3 Viscosity na rheological Njirimara
HPMC dị na ọkwa dị iche iche nwere ọkwa viscosity dị iche iche. The viscosity nke HPMC ngwọta bụ isi ihe na ngwa dị ka pharmaceuticals, ebe ọ na-emetụta ntọhapụ profaịlụ nke ọgwụ, na-ewu, ebe ọ na-emetụta workability nke ngwa agha na pastes.
5.4 Ihe nkiri na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe
A na-eji HPMC eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ihe nkiri mbụ na mkpuchi ọgwụ yana dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị arọ n'ụdị dị iche iche. Ike imepụta ihe nkiri ya na-eme ka ọ baa uru na mmepe nke sistemu mkpuchi ọgwụ na-achịkwa nke a na-achịkwa, ebe akụrụngwa ya na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na nkwụsi ike nke ọtụtụ ngwaahịa.
6. Ngwa nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
6.1 ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ, a na-eji HPMC emepụta ụdị ọgwụgwọ ọnụ siri ike dịka mbadamba na capsules. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka onye na-ekekọta ihe, nkwụsịtụ na ihe mkpuchi ihe nkiri. Njirimara mwepụta a na-achịkwa nke HPMC na-akwado ngwa ya n'ụdị ntọhapụ na-adịgide adịgide.
6.2 ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu
N'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu, a na-eji HPMC eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ejigide mmiri, ihe na-esi ísì na nrapado na ngwaahịa ndị dabeere na ciment. Ọ na-eme ka arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma, na-egbochi ịsagharị na ngwa ngwa, ma na-eme ka arụ ọrụ zuru ezu nke ihe owuwu ụlọ.
6.3 Ụlọ ọrụ nri
A na-eji HPMC eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ nri dị ka ihe na-agbapụta, stabilizer na emulsifier. Ikike ya ịmepụta gels na obere mkpokọta na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ngwa dị iche iche, gụnyere sauces, uwe na desserts.
6.4 Ihe ịchọ mma na ngwaahịa nlekọta onwe onye
N'ihe ịchọ mma na ngwaahịa nlekọta onwe onye, a na-ahụ HPMC n'ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere ude, lotions na shampoos. Ọ na-enyere aka melite udidi, nkwụsi ike na n'ozuzu arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa ndị a.
6.5 ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ
Ọdịiche nke HPMC gbatịrị ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere textiles, paints na adhesives, ebe enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe ngbanwe rheology, onye na-ejigide mmiri na ihe na-ebu ibu.
7. Nkwubi okwu
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose bụ polymer vasatail nwere ọtụtụ ngwa. Ngwakọta ya na-eji cellulose na propylene oxide dị ka isi akụrụngwa, a na-agbanwekwa cellulose site na hydroxypropylation na usoro methylation. Njikwa a na-achịkwa ngwa ngwa ndị a na ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume nwere ike imepụta HPMC nwere akụrụngwa ahaziri iji gboo mkpa ụlọ ọrụ akọwapụtara. Ya mere, HPMC na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwalite arụmọrụ na arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ. Nnyocha na-aga n'ihu nke ngwa ọhụrụ na mmelite nke usoro mmepụta ihe na-enyere HPMC aka ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ahịa ụwa.
Oge nzipu: Dec-28-2023