1. Mkpa nke njigide mmiri
Kindsdị ntọala niile chọrọ ka a na-achọ ka a na-ewuli elu nwere usoro mmiri mmiri. Mgbe ntọala ntọala na-emebi mmiri a na-ebido mmiri ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha, yana ihe comrated kpamkpam, na-ebute ike dị ala, karịsịa ike na-agbanwe agbanwe Na nnukwu oyi akwa, na-eme ka mọọ ka m gbawaa wee daa. Ọ bụrụ na ngwa agha plasta ahụ nwere arụmọrụ mmiri dị mma, ọ nweghị ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha, kamakwa ọ na-eme ka mmiri ahụ sie ike site na akwa oyi akwa ma hụ na hourtion zuru oke nke ciment.
2. Nsogbu na usoro eji egbochi
Ihe ọdịnala ọdịnala bụ mmiri isi, mana ọ gaghị ekwe omume iji hụ na a na-eme ihe ihu. A na-eji obi ụtọ hydration ciment na ntọala ahụ bụ na ngwaahịa ciment na-enweta mmiri na-ede ihe na ntọala, ma na-etolite njikọ "njikọ" dị irè "na ntọala, iji nweta njikọ nkekọ achọrọ. Tredgba mmiri ozugbo n'elu ntọala ahụ ga-eme ka mgbakwunye dị ukwuu na mmiri mmiri n'ihi ọdịiche na okpomọkụ, ịgbara mmiri, na ịgba mmiri. Isi na-enwe obere mmiri, ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-etinye mmiri ahụ na ngwa agha. Tupu ihe ahụ na-eme uche ciment gaa, mmiri ahụ na-etinye mmiri, nke na-emetụta ciment hydration na penetration nke ngwaahịa hyderation n'ime matriks. Isi ahụ nwere nnukwu mmiri mmiri, na mmiri dị na mịrị ahụ na-aga ntọala. Ọsọ mbata na-adịghị nwayọọ, na ọbụna mmiri na-ehiwe mmiri n'etiti ngwa agha na matriks, nke na-emetụtakwa njikọ njikọ. Ya mere, iji usoro ịgba mmiri nkịtị agaghị edozi nsogbu mmiri dị elu nke ntọala mgbidi dị iche iche nke okwute ahụ na ntọala, nke na-ebute ịma mma na mgbawa.
3. Ihe achọrọ dị iche iche maka njigide mmiri
Ahịrị mmiri mmiri dị iche iche ezubere maka ngwaahịa ngwa agha eji eme ihe na mpaghara ụfọdụ na mpaghara ọnọdụ okpomọkụ yiri nke ahụ dị n'okpuru.
Mmiri na-enye mmiri
Mkpụrụ mmiri dị elu nke ikuku na-anọchi anya, gụnyere bọọdụ nkebi dị iche iche, na-enweghị atụ, wdg, nwere njiri mara nnukwu mmiri na ogologo oge. Ahịhịa plasta eji ụdị oyi akwa a kwesịrị inwe mmiri na-erughị 88%.
Mmanụ a na-adọta mmiri
A na-eji nkedo mmiri dị ala na-anọchi anya ya, gụnyere bọọdụ polystyrere maka mkpuchi mgbidi mpụga, wdg, na-enwe obere mmiri. Mkpoji plasta eji eme ihe maka ụdị ụdị kwesịrị ịnwe mmiri na-erughị 88%.
③Hhin na-etinye akwa plasta
Mpempe plasta dị nro na-ezo aka na plasta owuwu na plasta akwa oyi akwa ọkpụrụkpụ dị n'etiti 3 na 8 mm. Ofdị echichi na-ewu ewu dị mfe ida n'ihi na obere plasta akwa, nke na-emetụta ọrụ na ike. Maka ngwa agha eji maka ụdị plasta a, ọnụego mmiri ya adịghị ihe na-erughị 99%.
Ngwa ngwa plasta
Mpempe akwụkwọ dị elu na-ezo aka na owuwu owuwu ebe ọkpụrụkpụ nke otu plasta oyi akwa dị n'etiti 8mm na 20mm. Ofdị owuwu a adịghị mfe ida mmiri n'ihi oke plasta akwa akwa, yabụ njigide mmiri nke ngwa agha ahụ ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 88%.
Mkpịsị mmiri na-eguzogide ọgwụ
A na-eji Mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri dị ka ihe eji eme ihe ngwa ngwa, na ọkpụrụkpụ ogige ahụ dị n'agbata 1 na 2mm. Ihe ndị dị otú ahụ chọrọ ezigbo njide mmiri iji hụ na ọrụ ọrụ ha na ike ha. Maka itinye ihe, ọnụego mbelata mmiri ya ekwesịghị ịdị na-erughị 99% ọnụego mbelata nke Puet maka Mgbidi dị na mpụga maka ime ụlọ.
4. Dydị ihe eji eme mmiri
Cellugul ether
1) methyl cellulose Ether (Mc)
2) hydroxyppropyyththth methyl clasdose Ether (HPMC)
3) hydroxyethythyth other (HEC)
4) counterymymythythythyl cellulose Ether (cmc)
5) hydroxyethythyl methyl cellulose Ether (hems)
Stachi
1) Starch na-agbada
2) Guar ether
Mmiri Mwepu mmiri - na-ejigide thickener (Montmorillonite, Bentontonite, wdg)
Ise, ihe ndị a lekwasịrị anya na arụmọrụ nke ihe dị iche iche
1. Couther
1.1 Ngosipụta nke cellulose Ether
Celligul Ether bụ okwu maka usoro nke usoro ngwaahịa guzobere site na mmeghachi omume nke alkali Cellulose na onye ọrụ gị na-eweta ozi n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. A na-eji ndị ọrụ mkpocha Alkali dochie ya. According to the ionization properties of its substituents, cellulose ethers can be divided into two categories: ionic, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and nonionic, such as methyl cellulose (MC).
Dabere na ụdị nke ndị a machibidoro, enwere ike ikewa eyers mkpụrụ osisi na moder, mc cellulose ether (mc), na eyers agwa, dị ka celdyyyym celloxylym cellulose ether (hecmc). Dabere na ndị ọzọ na-agbaze, a ga-eke ya abụọ: mmiri na-agbanye mmiri na organic.
1.2 Majo ụdị mkpụrụ osisi cellulose
Carboxymethylclose (cmc), ogo bara uru nke dochie: 0.4-1.4; Onye ọrụ etherification, monooxyacetic acid; na-agbasasị ihe mgbochi, mmiri;
Counteryythythythythythythythythythythyth Cellulose (cmhec), uru dị irè nke dochie: 0.7-1.0; Onye ọrụ etherification, monooxyacetic acid, etlene oxide; na-agbasasị ihe mgbochi, mmiri;
Methylcelllose (Mc), ogo bara uru nke imachi: 1.5-2.4; Onye isi nchịkọta, Metyl chloride; na-agbasasị ihe mgbochi, mmiri;
Hydroxyethythythythythythythythyth Cellulose (HEC), uru dị irè nke dochie: 1.3-3.0; Onye nnọchi anya nke Etheries, Etlene Oxide; na-agbasasị ihe mgbochi, mmiri;
Hydroxyethyl methylcelllose (hemsc), ọ bara uru maka imachi: 1.5-2.0; Onye ọrụ etherification, Etlene Oxide, Metyl chloride; na-agbasasị ihe mgbochi, mmiri;
Hydroxypropy Cellulose (HPC), uru dị mma nke dochie: 2.5-3.5; Onye ọrụ nchịkọta nke Etheries, Prosleneydị Oxide; na-agbasasị ihe mgbochi, mmiri;
Hydroxypyl Methylcellose (HPMC), Ntọala Njirimara: 1.5-2.0; Onye isi nchịkọta Iletation, Oxideneke profide, methyy chloride; na-agbasasị ihe mgbochi, mmiri;
Ethyl Cellulose (EC), ogo bara uru nke imachi: 2.3-2.6; Onye ọrụ etherification, monochlorotane; na-agbasasị ihe mgbaze, ihe na-enye ihe mgbochi;
Ethyl hydroxyethythythythythythythyth Cellulose (ehec), ogo bara uru nke nbanye: 2.4-2.8; Onye ọrụ etherification, monochlorotane, etlene oxide; na-agbasasị ihe mgbaze, ihe na-enye ihe mgbochi;
Ngwongwo 1.3 nke cellose
1.3.1 Methyl Cellulose Ether (Mc)
①methylcellose na-soluble na mmiri oyi, ọ ga-esi ike igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ngwọta ya dị oke mma na oke nke pH = 3-12. Ọ nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta na stachi, Guar chịm, wdg na ọtụtụ fromsactants. Mgbe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-erute okpomọkụ ahụ, gelation emee.
②e njigide mmiri nke methylcellose na-adabere na mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, urughturu urughè na ọnụego ya. N'ozuzu, ọ bụrụ na ego ole buru ibu buru ibu, na viscosis buru ibu, ebe nchekwa mmiri dị elu. N'etiti ha, ego ole nwere mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na njigide mmiri, na viscosity dị ala abụghị nha nke njigide mmiri. Ọnụego mgbasa efe si na-adabere na ogo mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ osisi cellulose na urughuru. N'ime ndị iro cell, methy sellise nwere ọnụego njigide dị elu.
Ngbanwe nke okpomoku ga-emetụta oke mmiri nke methyl cellulose. N'ozuzu, elu okpomọkụ, nke na-akacha njọ mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na mgbochi okpomọkụ karịrị 40 Celsius C, njigide mmiri nke methyl cellulose ga-ada ogbenye, nke ga-emetụta owuwu nke ngwa agha.
Methyl cellulose nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na owuwu na ngwa agha. "Adhesion" ebe a na-ezo aka na ike ọrụ dị n'etiti ngwaọrụ ndị ọrụ onye ọrụ na mkpụrụ mgbidi, ya bụ, na-emegide ya na ngwa agha nke ngwa agha. Ndozi ahụ dị elu, na-ejikwa ngwa agha ahụ buru ibu, na ndị ọrụ chọkwara karịa n'oge ojiji, yana ịrụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ. Methyl Cellulose na-eme na ọkwa na-agafe agafe ngwaahịa ether.
1.3.2 hydroxyppppppyl methyl cellulose Ether (HPMC)
Hydroxypyl Methylcellose bụ ngwaahịa ngwaahịa ya na oriri na-abawanye ngwa ngwa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
Ọ bụ ihe na-abụghị nke ionic cellulose mere site na owu nụchara anụcha, na-eji propylene oxide na metyl chroride dị ka ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke dochie anya ya bụ 1.5-2.0. Njirimara ya dị iche n'ihi ogo dị iche iche nke methoxy na ọdịnaya mmiri hydroxypypyl. Dị elu methoxy ọdịnaya na ọdịnaya hydroxypyl, arụmọrụ ahụ dị nso na methyl cellulose; Ọdịnaya Methoxy dị elu na ọdịnaya hydroxyppyl, arụmọrụ ahụ dị nso na hydropopyl cellulose.
A na-ejikarị mmiri oyi na-agbanye na mmiri oyi, ọ ga - esi ike igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ma ọnọdụ okpomoku ya na mmiri ọkụ dị elu karịa nke methy cellulose. A na-akwalitekwa ngụgụ na mmiri oyi na-akwalite ya na methy cellulose.
Nga viscosity nke hydroxypyl Methylcellose metụtara ịdị arọ ya, na elu molecular ibu, onye dị elu na viscosity. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-emetụtakwa viscosity ya, dị ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-abawanye, viscese belata. Ma viscosity ya na-emetụta okpomọkụ nke okpomọkụ karịa methy cellulose. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike mgbe echekwara na ụlọ okpomọkụ.
Nchia mmiri nke hydroxypylthyth na-adabere na mgbakwunye ya, viscosity na-adabere na otu mgbakwunye ahụ dị elu karịa nke Methy Cellulose.
④hydroxypylthylthypylthyplopyth bụ kwụsie ike na acid na alkali, na ngwọta ya dị oke mma na oke nke pH = 2-12. Saustic soda na mmiri lime enweghị obere mmetụta na arụmọrụ ya, mana alkali nwere ike ịgbasa mgbasa ya ma nwekwuo mmụba ya. Hydroxypyl Methylcellose bụ nkwụsi ike na nnu, ma mgbe ịta nke nnu dị elu, viscosity hydroxypyl methylcellopy na-abawanye.
Enwere ike ịgwakọta ya na polymers mmiri iji mepụta otu edo na usoro mgbanwe dị elu na viscosity dị elu. Dị ka mmanya polyvinyl, stachi ether, ihe oriri na akwukwo nri, wdg.
Hydroxypylthylthylthylthylthylcellose nwere ike iguzogide elu karịa methylcellose, na ihe ngwọta ya agaghị emebi emebi site enzymes karịa methylcellose.
⑦enye adhesion nke hydroxylthylthylthyl methylcellose ka agha agha dị elu karịa nke methylcelllose.
1.3.3 Hydroxyethythyth Cellulose Ether (HEC)
A na-eme ya site na owu nụchara anụcha na alkali na-emeso Alkali, ma meghachi omume na Ethlene Oxi dị ka onye ọrụ Itherification n'ihu acetone. Ogo nke dochie anya ya bụ 1.5-2.0. O nwere hydrophilicy siri ike ma dịkwa mfe ịnabata mmiri.
①hydyDoxyydydydydydydyDydyDolose na-solulite na mmiri oyi, mana o siri ike inuri na mmiri ọkụ. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike na oke okpomọkụ na-enweghị gellling. Enwere ike iji ya ruo ogologo oge dị elu okpomọkụ na ngwa ọgụ ya dị ala karịa nke methy cellulose.
②hydyDoxyethythyythydydydydydydydydydyythydydydydyythydydydydydydydydydydydydydydydyDose dịsi ike na acid na alkali. Alkali nwere ike mee ngwa ngwa mgbasa ma nwekwuo mmụba na viscosity. Mgbasa ya na mmiri dị oke njọ karịa nke methy cellulose na hydroxypyl methyl cellulose.
③hydroxyethyddyDolose nwere ezigbo mgbochi SAG dị na ngwa agha, mana ọ nwere oge azụ oge maka ciment.
O doro anya na arụmọrụ nke hydroxyethythythythyth na-emepụta site na ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ na-adị ala karịa nke Methy Cellulose n'ihi ọdịnaya mmiri na ọdịnaya dị elu.
1.3.4 cellulose Ether (cmc) emere site na eriri eke (owu, wdg, na-eji sodium monochlorote na-eme ka usoro ionic). Ogo nke dochie anya ya bụ 0.4-1.4, na arụmọrụ ya emetụtalarị nke ọma.
①Caryymymylylylythyl Cellulose bụ hygroscopic, ọ ga-enwe nnukwu mmiri mgbe echekwara n'okpuru ọnọdụ niile.
Ihe ngwọta ②hyddythymydymythylythylythylythylythylythylythylythylythylythylythylythylydythylythylythylythylythylythylythylythylymydydydydydythythylythylythylythylythylythylythym agaghị ewepụta Gel, na vissesSosity ga-agbadata na mmụba nke okpomọkụ. Mgbe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ karịrị 50 ℃, viscosity na-enweghị mgbagha.
PH na-emetụta nkwụsi ike ya nke ukwuu. Ohaneze, enwere ike iji ya na mpekere nke gypsum, ma ọ bụghị na ngwa agha ciment. Mgbe alkaline nke ukwuu, ọ na-efunahụ viscosity.
Ibe mmiri ya dị obere karịa nke methy cellulose. O nwere mmetụta na-akwụ ụgwọ na ngwa agha gypsum ma belata ike ya. Agbanyeghị, ọnụahịa nke celloxyMylylyl cellulose dị ala karịa nke Methy cellulose.
2.
A na-eji eyers stach na-ejikarị rọrọ na ngwa agha site na polymers eke nke ụfọdụ polysiccharides. Dịka nduku, ọka, cassava, Guard agwa, wdg. A na-e etzọ Starch na-ejikarị ya na ngwa agha bụ stardpyl starch eat, hydroxythyl starchyyyyyl ether, wdg.
N'ozuzu, etch starch na-agbanwe site na poteto, ọka, na cassava nwere ebe njigide dị ala karịa ebe a na-edebe ihe. N'ihi ogo mgbanwe ya dị iche, ọ na-egosi nkwụsi ike na acid na alkali. Productsfọdụ ngwaahịa dị mma maka iji ígwè gypsum-nke gypsum, ebe a na-enweghị ike iji ndị ọzọ na-enweghị ike. A na-eji ngwa nke starch ether na-eji dị ka nke ukwu iji meziwanye akụ nke ngwa agha, belata ndọlite nke mgbochi mmiri, wee mee ka oge mmeghe mmiri.
A na-ejikarị eyers starch na-ejikọkarị ya na sellose, na-ebute ihe mmegharị na uru nke ngwaahịa abụọ ahụ. Ebe ọ bụ na starch ether dị nnọọ ọnụ ala karịa cell, ngwa nke stachi na ngwa agha ga-eweta nnukwu mbelata nke ọnụego mgbachi.
3. Guar gum ether
Guar gum Ether bụ ụdị polySaccharide na Njirimara pụrụ iche, nke agbanweela site na agwa Guar. Tumadi site na mmeghachi omume nke a na-arụ ọrụ na Gum na Acrylic Sistem, ihe owuwu nwere 2-hydroxypypy rụrụ arụ na-etolite, nke bụ ihe owuwu polygactacmanose.
Jiri cellulose ether, Guar gum eart dị mfe ịgbafe na mmiri. Ph isi na-enweghị mmetụta na arụmọrụ nke Guar gum ether.
Ọnọdụ nke ala dị ala na obere usoro, Guar chịm nwere ike dochie celsilose na nha nha anya, ma nwee njigide mmiri yiri ya. Mana agbanwe agbanwe, mgbochi Sag, ThixOtropy na yabụ o doro anya na ọ ka mma.
Ọnọdụ nke viscosity dị elu na nnukwu onunu ogwu, Guar chịm enweghị ike dochie seligul ether, na ojiji ejikọtara ọnụ nke mmadụ abụọ ahụ ga-emepụta arụmọrụ ka mma.
Itinye ngwa GUM na mgbanye gypsum nke nwere ike ibelata ndọnye aka na iwu ma mee ka owuwe ihe owuwu. O nweghi mmetụta ojoo na oge idozi na ike nke ngwa agha gypsium.
Mgbe etinyere Guar gum na nke na-eme ka ciment na ngwa agha plasta, ọ nwere ike dochie celsilose eyer na nha anya, ma kpọọ ngwa agha nke na-agwụ ike na-arụ ọrụ.
Ihe ọkụkụ ahụ nwere viscosity dị elu na elu mmiri na-ejigide onye na-edebe ihe, Guar chịngọm na cell cellulose ga-arụ ọrụ dị mma iji rụpụta ezigbo nsonaazụ iji rụpụta ezigbo nsonaazụ iji rụpụta ezigbo nsonaazụ iji rụpụta nsonaazụ dị mma.
Enwere ike iji Guum Gum na ngwaahịa dị ka taịlị nke na-adịghị ọcha, ndị ọrụ onwe ya, mmiri na-eguzogide ọgwụ, yana mmachi polymer maka mkpuchi mgbidi.
4.
Ahịhịa mmiri na-ejigide na-ejigide ihe eji emepụta ihe site na ndagide na ngwakọ etinyere na China. Isi ihe eji eme ka mmiri na - ejide mmiri bụ: Seperilite, BenTMorilonite, mintmorillonite, ndị a na - ejigide ụfọdụ mmiri site na mgbanwe ndị a dị ka ndị na - eme mgbanwe. Kinddị mmiri a - na-ejigide thitener etinyere na ngwa agha nwere njiri ndị a.
Ọ nwere ike bulite arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha nkịtị, ma dozie nsogbu nke ịrụ ọrụ adịghị mma nke nkụda mmụọ, na-eguzogide ike.
A ga-akpụzi ngwaahịa ngwa agha nke nwere oke ike dị iche iche maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe niile na ndị obodo.
③The ihe onwunwe dị ala.
Ibe mmiri mmiri dị ala karịa nke ndị na-ahụ maka njigide mmiri, na ihe ndị a kpọrọ nkụ bara uru nke ngwa ngwa ahụ dị oke ọnụ, ma na-ebelata.
Oge Post: Mar-03-2023