Ụdị ihe owuwu nke abụọcellulose ethersenyere na onyonyo 1.1 na 1.2. Mkpụrụ vaịn nke ọ bụla β-D kpọrọ nkụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose
A na-eji otu ether dochie otu shuga (nkeji nke cellulose) na ọnọdụ C (2), C (3) na C (6), ya bụ ruo atọ.
otu ether. N'ihi ọnụnọ nke otu hydroxyl, cellulose macromolecules nwere njikọ intramolecular na intermolecular hydrogen, nke siri ike igbari na mmiri.
Ma o siri ike igbari na ọ fọrọ nke nta niile organic solvents. Otú ọ dị, mgbe etherification nke cellulose gasịrị, a na-ewebata otu ether n'ime agbụ molekul.
N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-ebibi njikọ hydrogen n'ime na n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose, na hydrophilicity ya na-emekwa ka ọ dịkwuo mma, ka e wee nwee ike imeziwanye ike ya.
emelitere nke ukwuu. N'ime ha, eserese 1.1 bụ usoro izugbe nke akụkụ abụọ anhydroglucose nke cellulose ether molecular chain, R1-R6 = H.
ma ọ bụ organic nnọchi. 1.2 bụ iberi nke carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose molecular yinye, ogo nnọchi nke carboxymethyl bụ 0.5,4.
Ogo ngbanwe nke hydroxyethyl bụ 2.0, na akara ngbanwe molar bụ 3.0.
Maka onye ọ bụla nọchiri anya cellulose, ngụkọta ego nke etherification ya nwere ike ịkọwa dị ka ogo nke nnọchi (DS). mere nke eriri
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nhazi nke molekul mbụ na ogo nke nnọchi sitere na 0-3. Ya bụ, mgbanaka otu anhydroglucose nke ọ bụla nke cellulose
, nkezi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke hydroxyl dị iche iche dochie anya etherifying otu nke etherifying n'ụlọnga. N'ihi otu hydroxyalkyl nke cellulose, nnọchi ya
Ekwesịrị ịmalitegharị etherification site na otu hydroxyl efu ọhụrụ. Ya mere, ogo nke nnọchi nke ụdị cellulose ether a nwere ike igosipụta na ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ.
ogo nke nnọchi (MS). Ihe a na-akpọ ogo molar nke nnọchi na-egosi ọnụọgụ etherifying agbakwunyere na nkeji anhydroglucose ọ bụla nke cellulose.
Nkezi uka nke reactants.
1 Nhazi mkpokọta nke otu glucose
2 Iberibe nke cellulose ether molecular chains
1.2.2 Nhazi nke cellulose ethers
Ma cellulose ethers bụ otu ethers ma ọ bụ ngwakọta ethers, ihe onwunwe ha dịtụ iche. Cellulose macromolecules
Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji otu hydrophilic dochie otu hydroxyl nke otu mgbanaka, ngwaahịa ahụ nwere ike ịnwe ngbanwe dị ala n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke obere ngbanwe.
Ọ nwere ụfọdụ mmiri solubility; ọ bụrụ na a dochie ya site na otu hydrophobic, ngwaahịa ahụ nwere ogo ụfọdụ nke nnọchi naanị mgbe ogo ngbanwe dị oke.
Mmiri-soluble, ngwaahịa etherification cellulose na-edochaghị anya nwere ike ịza na mmiri, ma ọ bụ gbazee na ngwọta alkali na-etinyeghị uche na ya.
etiti.
Dị ka ụdị ndị na-anọchi anya, cellulose ethers nwere ike kewaa atọ: alkyl otu dị ka methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose;
Hydroxyalkyls, dị ka hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose; ndị ọzọ, dị ka carboxymethyl cellulose, wdg Ọ bụrụ na ionization
Nkewa, cellulose ethers nwere ike kewaa n'ime: ionic, dị ka carboxymethyl cellulose; ndị na-abụghị ionic, dị ka hydroxyethyl cellulose; agwakọta
ụdị, dị ka hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose. Dị ka nkewa nke solubility, cellulose nwere ike kewaa n'ime: mmiri soluble, dị ka carboxymethyl cellulose,
Hydroxyethyl cellulose; mmiri na-adịghị edozi, dị ka methyl cellulose, wdg.
1.2.3 Njirimara na ngwa nke cellulose ethers
Cellulose ether bụ ụdị ngwaahịa mgbe cellulose etherification mgbanwe, na cellulose ether nwere ọtụtụ ihe dị ezigbo mkpa Njirimara. dị ka
Ọ nwere ezigbo ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri; dị ka mpempe akwụkwọ, ọ nwere ezigbo mmiri solubility, ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị arọ, njigide mmiri na nkwụsi ike;
5
Ether dị larịị enweghị isi, anaghị egbu egbu, ma nwee ezigbo ihe nrụnye. N'ime ha, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) nwere "ụlọ ọrụ monosodium glutamate"
aha otutu.
1.2.3.1 Nhazi ihe nkiri
Ogo nke etherification nke cellulose ether nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri dị ka ike ịmepụta ihe nkiri na ike njikọ. Cellulose ether
N'ihi ike ọrụ ya dị mma na nkwekọrịta dị mma na resins dị iche iche, enwere ike iji ya na ihe nkiri plastik, adhesives na ihe ndị ọzọ.
nkwadebe ihe.
1.2.3.2 Solubility
N'ihi ịdị adị nke ọtụtụ hydroxyl otu na mgbanaka nke oxygen-nwere glucose unit, cellulose ethers nwere mma mmiri solubility. na
Dabere na cellulose ether substituent na ogo nke nnọchi, e nwekwara dị iche iche selectivity maka organic solvents.
1.2.3.3 Ịba ụba
A na-agbaze cellulose ether na ngwọta mmiri n'ụdị colloid, ebe ogo polymerization nke cellulose ether na-ekpebi cellulose.
Viscosity nke ether ngwọta. N'adịghị ka mmiri mmiri Newtonian, viscosity nke cellulose ether ngwọta na-agbanwe na ike shiee, na
N'ihi nhazi a nke macromolecules, viscosity nke ngwọta ga-abawanye ngwa ngwa na mmụba nke ọdịnaya siri ike nke cellulose ether, Otú ọ dị, viscosity ngwọta.
Viscosity na-ebelata ngwa ngwa site na okpomoku na-abawanye [33].
1.2.3.4 Mmebi
Ihe ngwọta cellulose ether gbazere n'ime mmiri ruo oge ụfọdụ ga-etolite nje bacteria, si otú ahụ na-emepụta nje bacteria na-ebibi usoro ether cellulose.
Njikọ nkeji glucose na-edoghị anya dị n'akụkụ, si otú a na-ebelata mkpokọta molekul nke macromolecule. Ya mere, cellulose ethers
Idobe ihe ngwọta nke mmiri na-achọ ka mgbakwunye nke ihe nchekwa ụfọdụ.
Na mgbakwunye, cellulose ethers nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche dị ka ọrụ elu, ọrụ ionic, nkwụsi ike ụfụfụ na mgbakwunye.
gel edinam. N'ihi ihe ndị a, a na-eji cellulose ethers mee ihe na textiles, mpempe akwụkwọ, ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ, ihe ịchọ mma, nri, ọgwụ,
A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe.
1.3 Okwu mmalite nke ihe ọkụkụ
Site na nyocha nke 1.2 cellulose ether, a pụrụ ịhụ na akụrụngwa maka nkwadebe nke cellulose ether bụ tumadi cellulose owu, na otu n'ime ọdịnaya nke isiokwu a.
Ọ bụ iji cellulose ewepụtara n'ihe ọkụkụ dochie anya cellulose owu iji dozie ether cellulose. Ihe na-esonụ bụ okwu mmeghe nke osisi
ihe.
Ka ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị dị ka mmanụ, coal na gas na-ebelata, a ga-amachibidokwa mmepụta nke ngwaahịa dị iche iche dabere na ha, dị ka fibers sịntetik na ihe nkiri fiber. Na mmepe na-aga n'ihu nke ọha mmadụ na mba gburugburu ụwa (karịsịa
Ọ bụ obodo mepere emepe) onye na-eleba anya na nsogbu mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Cellulose eke nwere biodegradaability na nhazi gburugburu ebe obibi.
Ọ ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-aghọ isi iyi nke ihe eriri.
Oge nzipu: Sep-26-2022