Ngwakọta ntụ ntụ akọrọ bụ polymer akọrọ ngwa ngwa agwakọta ma ọ bụ akọrọ ntụ ntụ nke etinyere ngwa ngwa. Ọ bụ ụdị ciment na gypsum dị ka isi ihe ndabere. Dị ka ọrụ ụlọ dị iche iche chọrọ, a na-agbakwụnye nchịkọta ihe na-emepụta ntụ ntụ na-agbakwụnye na akụkụ ụfọdụ. Ọ bụ ihe eji arụ ngwa agha nke a na-agwakọta nke ọma, na-ebuga ya na akpa ma ọ bụ n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe ozugbo ọ gbasasịrị mmiri.
Ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa akọrọ akọrọ na-agụnye nrapado tile ntụ ntụ, mkpuchi mgbidi ntụ ntụ, ngwa mgbidi ntụ ntụ akọrọ, kọnkịrị ntụ ntụ, wdg.
Ngwakọta ntụ ntụ n'ozuzu nwere opekata mpe ihe atọ: ihe nkedo, mkpokọta, na ngwa ngwa.
Ngwakọta ngwa ngwa nke ahịhịa ntụ ntụ:
1. ngwa agha bonding ihe
(1) Nrapado inorganic:
Adhesives inorganic gụnyere simenti Portland nkịtị, ciment alumina dị elu, ciment pụrụ iche, gypsum, anhydrite, wdg.
(2) Ihe nrapado organic:
Organic nrapado tumadi na-ezo aka redispersible latex ntụ ntụ, nke bụ a powdery polima kpụrụ ezi ịgba ihicha (na nhọrọ nke kwesịrị ekwesị mgbakwunye) nke polima emulsion. Na akọrọ polymer ntụ ntụ na mmiri na-aghọ emulsion. Enwere ike ime ya ọzọ, nke mere na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta polymer ahụ na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ simenti na-emepụta ihe dị ka usoro emulsion polymer, ma na-ekere òkè n'ịgbanwe ụrọ ciment.
Dị ka dị iche iche n'ike-n'ike, mgbanwe nke akọrọ ntụ ntụ ngwa agha na redispersible polymer ntụ ntụ nwere ike melite bonding ike dị iche iche substrates, na melite mgbanwe, deformability, ekwe ike na-ehulata na-eyi nguzogide nke ngwa agha , siri ike, cohesion na njupụta nakwa dị ka mmiri njigide. ikike na ihe owuwu.
Uzuzu latex na-agbanwe agbanwe maka ngwa ngwa ngwakọta akọrọ na-agụnye ụdị ndị a: ① styrene-butadiene copolymer; ② styrene-acrylic acid copolymer; ③ vinyl acetate copolymer; polyacrylate homopolymer; ⑤ Styrene Acetate Copolymer; ⑥ Vinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer.
2. Mkpokọta:
A na-ekewa mkpokọta ka ọ bụrụ nchịkọta na-enweghị isi na nchịkọta dị mma. Otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi mejupụtara ihe nke sink. Ọ na-emekarị dị ka ọkpụkpụ ma na-ebelata ụda olu nke na-eme ka nkwụsị na ọzịza nke ihe simenti na-eme n'oge nhazi na usoro siri ike, a na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe dị ọnụ ala maka ihe simenti. Enwere mkpokọta eke na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, nke mbụ dị ka gravel, okwute okwute, pumice, ájá eke, wdg; nke ikpeazụ dị ka cinder, slag, ceramsite, perlite gbasaa, wdg.
3. Ngwa mgbakwunye
(1) Cellulose ether:
Na ngwa agha akọrọ, ihe mgbakwunye nke cellulose ether dị nnọọ ala (n'ozuzu 0.02% -0.7%), ma ọ nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha mmiri, ọ bụkwa isi ihe mgbakwunye na-emetụta arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha.
Na ntụ ntụ ntụ ntụ, n'ihi na ionic cellulose na-ejighị n'aka na ọnụnọ nke calcium ion, ọ na-adịkarịghị eji na akọrọ ntụ ntụ ngwaahịa na-eji ciment, slaked lime, wdg dị ka cimenting ihe. A na-ejikwa hydroxyethyl cellulose mee ihe na ụfọdụ ngwaahịa ntụ ntụ, mana òkè ya dị ntakịrị.
The cellulose ethers eji na akọrọ ntụ ntụ ngwa agha bụ tumadi hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC), zoro aka dị ka MC.
Njirimara MC: Adhesiveness na ewu bụ ihe abụọ na-emetụta ibe ha; njide mmiri, iji zere ikpochapụ mmiri ngwa ngwa, nke mere na ọkpụrụkpụ nke akwa akwa akwa nwere ike ibelata nke ukwuu.
(2) eriri mgbochi mgbawa
Ọ bụghị ihe ndị oge a chepụtara iji gwakọta eriri n'ime ngwa agha dị ka ihe na-egbochi mgbawa. N'oge ochie, ndị nna nna anyị ejirila eriri sitere n'okike mee ihe dị ka ihe nkwado maka ụfọdụ ihe eji eme ihe, dị ka ịgwakọta eriri osisi na ngwa agha lime iji wuo ụlọ nsọ na ụlọ nzukọ, na-eji silk hemp na apịtị na-akpụzi ihe oyiyi Buddha, na-eji ahịhịa ọka wit mkpụmkpụ mkpụmkpụ na apịtị edo edo. iji wuo ụlọ, iji ntutu mmadụ na anụmanụ na-arụzi ebe a na-esi nri, iji pulp fibers, lime, na gypsum na-ese mgbidi na imepụta ngwaahịa gypsum dị iche iche, wdg. chere. Ịtinye eriri n'ime ihe ntọala simenti iji mee ka ihe mejupụtara simenti gbadoro ụkwụ na eriri bụ naanị ihe dị n'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
Ngwaahịa simenti, ihe ndị dị na ya ma ọ bụ ụlọ ga-emepụta ọtụtụ microcracks n'ihi mgbanwe nke microstructure na olu n'oge usoro siri ike nke ciment, ma gbasaa na mgbanwe nke ihicha shrinkage, mgbanwe okpomọkụ, na ibu dị n'èzí. Mgbe etinyere ya na ike mpụga, eriri ndị ahụ na-ekere òkè na igbochi na igbochi mgbasawanye nke obere mgbawa. Eriri ahụ na-agafe agafe na isotropic, na-eri ma na-ebelata nchekasị, na-egbochi mmepe nke mgbawa, ma na-ekere òkè na igbochi mgbawa.
Mgbakwunye nke eriri nwere ike ime ka ngwa agha akọrọ akọrọ nwere àgwà dị elu, ịrụ ọrụ dị elu, ike dị elu, nkwụsị mgbawa, enweghị ike, nkwụsị nke mgbawa, nkwụsị mmetụta, nkwụsị na-ekpo ọkụ, nkwụsị na-eyi, nkwụsị ịka nká na ọrụ ndị ọzọ.
(3) Onye na-ebelata mmiri
Mmiri reducer bụ ihe admixture nwere ike ibelata ego nke Ịgwakọta mmiri mgbe ịnọgide na-enwe slump nke ihe ihu ọma agbanwebeghị. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ anionic surfactants, dị ka lignosulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde polymer, wdg Mgbe agbakwunyere ihe ngwakọta, ọ nwere ike chụsasịa ahụ ciment ahụ, melite ya workability, belata unit mmiri oriri, melite fluidity nke ihe ngwakọta; ma ọ bụ belata oriri ciment unit ma chekwaa ciment.
Dị ka mmiri na-ebelata ma na-ewusi ike nke onye na-ebelata mmiri mmiri, a na-ekewa ya na onye na-ebelata mmiri nkịtị (nke a makwaara dị ka plasticizer, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ebelata mmiri abụghị ihe na-erughị 8%, nke lignosulfonate na-anọchi anya ya), onye na-ebelata mmiri dị elu. (nke a makwaara dị ka superplasticizer) Plasticizer, mmiri na-ebelata ọnụego adịghị ala karịa 14%, gụnyere naphthalene, melamine, sulfamate, aliphatic, wdg) na arụmọrụ dị elu. Ihe na-ebelata mmiri (ọnụego mbelata mmiri adịghị ihe na-erughị 25%, polycarboxylic acid A na-anọchi anya ya site na superplasticizer), ma kewara ya n'ụdị ike mmalite, ụdị ọkọlọtọ na ụdị azụ azụ.
Dị ka ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ si kwuo, a na-ekewakarị ya n'ime: superplasticizers dabeere na lignosulfonate, superplasticizers dabeere na naphthalene, superplasticizers dabeere melamine, sulfmate dabeere superplasticizers, na fatty acid dabeere superplasticizers. Ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri, superplasticizers dabeere na polycarboxylate.
Ngwa nke onye na-ebelata mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime mmiri ntụ ntụ nwere akụkụ ndị a: nhazi onwe onye ciment, gypsum self-leveling, ngwa agha maka plasta, ngwa agha na-adịghị mmiri, putty, wdg.
Ekwesịrị ịhọrọ nhọrọ nke onye na-ebelata mmiri dị ka akụrụngwa dị iche iche na ngwa ngwa dị iche iche.
(4) Starch ether
A na-ejikarị starch ether eme ihe na ngwa agha, nke nwere ike imetụta nkwụsị nke ngwa agha dabere na gypsum, ciment na lime, ma gbanwee ihe owuwu na sag resistance nke ngwa agha. A na-ejikarị ethers starch eme ihe na njikọ cellulose ethers na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na emezigharị. Ọ dabara maka ma na-anọpụ iche na alkaline usoro, na dakọtara na ọtụtụ ihe mgbakwunye na gypsum na ciment ngwaahịa (dị ka surfactants, MC, starch na polyvinyl acetate na ndị ọzọ mmiri-soluble polymers).
Njirimara nke starch ether na-adabere na ya: melite nguzogide sag; imeziwanye ihe owuwu; na-emezi mkpụrụ ngwa ngwa, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka: ngwa agha ejiri aka mee ma ọ bụ igwe na-agbakwasị ụkwụ na simenti na gypsum, caulk na nrapado; tile nrapado; masonry Mee ngwa agha.
Mara: Usoro izizi nke starch ether na ngwa agha bụ 0.01-0.1%.
(5) Ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ:
Onye na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-ewebata ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke micro-afụ na-ekesa n'otu n'otu n'oge usoro ngwakọta nke ngwa agha, nke na-ebelata esemokwu elu nke mmiri na-agwakọta mmiri, si otú ahụ na-eduga n'ịgbasa ka mma ma belata ọbara ọgbụgba na nkewa nke ngwa agha-concrete. ngwakọta. Ihe mgbakwunye, ọkachasị abụba sodium sulfonate na sodium sulfate, usoro onunu ogwu bụ 0.005-0.02%.
A na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-emeghachi azụ eme ihe na gypsum mortars na gypsum fillers dabeere na nkwonkwo. Ọ na-abụkarị nnu acid mkpụrụ osisi, nke a na-agbakwunyekarị na 0.05%-0.25%.
Ndị na-ahụ maka hydrophobic (ndị na-egbochi mmiri) na-egbochi mmiri ịbanye n'ime ngwa agha ahụ, ebe ngwa agha na-anọgide na-emeghe ka ikuku mmiri gbasaa. Hydrophobic polima redispersible powders bụ tumadi eji.
Defoamer, iji nyere aka hapụ ikuku ikuku nke etinyere na nke emepụtara n'oge ngwakọta ngwa agha na ihe owuwu, kwalite ike mkpakọ, melite ọnọdụ elu, usoro onunu ogwu 0.02-0.5%.
Oge nzipu: Feb-09-2023