1. Isi ọrụ nke cellulose ether
N'ime ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta, cellulose ether bụ ihe mgbakwunye bụ isi nke a na-agbakwunye na obere ego mana ọ nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha mmiri ma na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha.
2. Ụdị cellulose ethers
The mmepụta nke cellulose ether bụ tumadi mere nke eke emep uta eri site alkali mgbasa, grafting mmeghachi omume (etherification), ịsa, ihicha, egweri na ndị ọzọ Filiks.
Dị ka isi akụrụngwa, eke emep uta eri nwere ike kewaa: owu eriri, cedar eriri, beech eriri, wdg ha ogo polymerization ịdị iche iche, nke na-emetụta ikpeazụ viscosity nke ha ngwaahịa. Ugbu a, ndị na-emepụta cellulose bụ isi na-eji eriri owu (nke sitere na nitrocellulose) dị ka ihe bụ isi.
Enwere ike kewaa cellulose ethers n'ime ionic na nonionic. Ụdị ionic na-agụnye nnu carboxymethyl cellulose, na ụdị nke na-abụghị ionic gụnyere methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl (propyl) cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, wdg.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ethers cellulose ndị a na-eji na ngwa agha agwakọta bụ tumadi methyl cellulose ether (MC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (MHEC), methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether (MHPG), hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose ether (HPMC). Na ngwa ngwa agwakọta njikere, n'ihi na ionic cellulose (carboxymethyl cellulose nnu) adịghị eguzosi ike n'ihe n'ihu ion calcium, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na ngwaahịa ndị dị njikere nke na-eji ciment, lime slaked, wdg dị ka ihe simenti. N'ebe ụfọdụ na China, a na-eji nnu carboxymethyl cellulose eme ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi maka ụfọdụ ngwaahịa ime ụlọ ejiri starch gbanwetụrụ dị ka isi ihe simenti na Shuangfei ntụ ntụ dị ka ihe nkpuchi. Ngwaahịa a na-adịkarị mfe mildew na ọ naghị eguzogide mmiri, ma ugbu a na-ewepụ ya. A na-ejikwa hydroxyethyl cellulose mee ihe n'ime ụfọdụ ngwaahịa njikere mix, mana ọ nwere oke ahịa ahịa.
3. Isi arụmọrụ egosi nke cellulose ether
(1) Ngwọta
Cellulose bụ ngwakọta polyhydroxy nke na-adịghị agbaze ma ọ bụ gbazee. Mgbe etherification, cellulose bụ soluble na mmiri, itughari alkali ngwọta na organic mgbaze, na nwere thermoplasticity. Solubility tumadi dabere na ihe anọ: nke mbụ, solubility dịgasị iche na viscosity, ala nke viscosity, nke ukwuu solubility. Nke abụọ, njirimara nke otu ndị e webatara na usoro etherification, ka ìgwè ahụ webatara, na-ebelata solubility; ka polar ndị ahụ na-ewebata, otú ahụ ka ether cellulose dị mfe bụ ịgbari na mmiri. Nke atọ, ogo nke nnọchi na nkesa nke otu etherified na macromolecules. Ọtụtụ ethers cellulose nwere ike ịgbaze na mmiri n'okpuru ụfọdụ ngbanwe. Nke anọ, ogo nke polymerization nke cellulose ether, nke dị elu nke polymerization, nke na-esighị ike; obere ogo nke polymerization, ka obosara nke ogo nke nnọchi nke nwere ike igbari na mmiri.
(2) Njide mmiri
Njide mmiri bụ ọrụ dị mkpa nke cellulose ether, ọ bụkwa arụmọrụ nke ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ntụ ntụ akọrọ, karịsịa ndị nọ na mpaghara ndịda nke nwere okpomọkụ dị elu, na-aṅa ntị. Ihe ndị na-emetụta mmetụta njide mmiri nke ngwa agha gụnyere ọnụọgụ cellulose ether agbakwunyere, viscosity, urughuru mma na okpomọkụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke cellulose ether agbakwunyere, otú ahụ ka mmetụta njide mmiri dị mma; nke ukwuu na viscosity, ka mma na-ejigide mmiri mmetụta; Nke kacha mma na ahụ, mma na-ejigide mmiri mmetụta.
(3) Viscosity
Viscosity bụ ihe dị mkpa nke ngwaahịa ether cellulose. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị na-emepụta cellulose ether dị iche iche na-eji ụzọ dị iche iche na ngwá ọrụ iji tụọ viscosity. Maka otu ngwaahịa ahụ, nsonaazụ viscosity nke a tụrụ site na ụzọ dị iche iche dị nnọọ iche, ụfọdụ nwere ọbụna okpukpu abụọ. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-atụnyere viscosity, a ghaghị ime ya n'etiti otu ụzọ ule, gụnyere okpomọkụ, rotor, wdg.
N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ka viscosity dị elu, ka mma na-ejide mmiri. Otú ọ dị, ka viscosity dị elu, ịdị elu nke cellulose ether dị elu, na mbelata kwekọrọ na ya ga-enwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma na ike na ịrụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha. Ihe dị elu nke viscosity, otú ahụ ka ọ na-apụta ìhè nke ọma mmetụta na ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụghị kpọmkwem. Ka viscosity dị elu, ka ngwa ngwa mmiri ga-adịkwu viscous. N'oge a na-ewu ihe, a na-egosipụta ya dị ka ịrapagidesi ike na scraper na elu adhesion na mkpụrụ. Mana ọ naghị enye aka ịbawanye ike nhazi nke ngwa agha mmiri n'onwe ya. N'oge a na-ewu ụlọ, arụ ọrụ mgbochi sag abụghị ihe doro anya. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ụfọdụ viscosity ọkara na obere viscosity mana methyl cellulose ethers gbanwere nwere ọmarịcha arụmọrụ n'ịkwalite ike nhazi nke ngwa agha mmiri.
(4) Ịdị mma nke ahụ:
The cellulose ether eji maka njikere-ngwakọta ngwa agha chọrọ ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ntụ, na obere mmiri ọdịnaya, na mma na-achọkwa 20% ka 60% nke urughuru size na-erughị 63 μm. Ịdị mma na-emetụta solubility nke cellulose ether. Ethers cellulose dị arọ na-adịkarị n'ụdị granules, nke dị mfe ịgbasa na igbari n'ime mmiri na-enweghị agglomeration, mana ọnụego mgbasa na-adị ngwa ngwa, n'ihi ya, ha adịghị mma maka ojiji na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa (ụfọdụ ngwaahịa ụlọ na-agbagharị, adịghị mfe ịgbasa na igbari na mmiri, na-adịkarị mfe caking). N'ime ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta, a na-agbasa cellulose ether n'etiti mkpokọta, ihe ndị dị mma na ciment na ihe ciment ndị ọzọ. Naanị ntụ ntụ zuru oke nwere ike izere cellulose ether agglomeration mgbe ị na-agwakọta mmiri. Mgbe a na-agbakwunye cellulose ether na mmiri iji gbazee agglomeration, ọ na-esiri ike ịgbasa na igbari.
(5) Mgbanwe nke cellulose ether
Mgbanwe nke cellulose ether bụ ndọtị nke arụmọrụ ya, ọ bụkwa akụkụ kachasị mkpa. Enwere ike imeziwanye ihe nke cellulose ether iji kwalite wettability, dispersibility, adhesion, thickening, emulsification, mmiri njide na ihe nkiri na-emepụta ihe, yana impermeability mmanụ.
4. Mmetụta nke okpomọkụ ambient na njide mmiri nke ngwa agha
Njide mmiri nke cellulose ether na-ebelata na mmụba nke okpomọkụ. N'ime ngwa ihe eji eme ihe, a na-etinye ngwa ngwa na ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na oke okpomọkụ (dị elu karịa 40 Celsius) n'ọtụtụ gburugburu. Mbelata nke njide mmiri butere mmetụta pụtara ìhè na arụmọrụ na mgbape mgbape. Ndabere ya na okpomọkụ ka ga-eduga n'ịda mbà nke ngwa ngwa, ma ọ dị oke mkpa iji belata mmetụta nke ihe okpomọkụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ a. A na-edozi usoro ntụ ọka nke ọma, na e mekwara ọtụtụ mgbanwe dị mkpa na nhazi oge. Ọ bụ ezie na ị na-amụba usoro onunu ogwu (usoro okpomọkụ), ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na nkwụsị mgbawa ka na-enweghị ike izute mkpa nke iji, nke na-achọ ụfọdụ ọgwụgwọ pụrụ iche nke cellulose ether, dị ka ịba ụba nke etherification, wdg, nke mere na mmetụta njide mmiri nwere ike ịbụ. enweta na a dịtụ elu okpomọkụ. Ọ na-ejigide mmetụta dị mma mgbe ọ dị elu, nke mere na ọ na-enye arụmọrụ ka mma na ọnọdụ siri ike.
5. Ngwa na ngwa ngwa agwakọta dị njikere
N'ime ngwa ngwa agwakọta dị njikere, cellulose ether na-arụ ọrụ nke njide mmiri, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu ma na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ ihe owuwu. Ọrụ njide mmiri dị mma na-eme ka a mata na ngwa agha ahụ agaghị eme ka ájá, ntụ ntụ na mbelata ike n'ihi ụkọ mmiri na hydration ezughị ezu. Mmetụta na-akpụ akpụ na-akwalite ike nhazi nke ngwa agha mmiri. Mgbakwunye nke cellulose ether nwere ike imeziwanye viscosity mmiri mmiri nke ụrọ mmiri, ma nwee ezigbo viscosity dị iche iche, si otú ahụ na-eme ka mgbidi mgbidi dị mma nke mmiri mmiri na-ebelata ma na-ebelata ihe mkpofu. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọrụ cellulose ether na ngwaahịa dị iche iche dịkwa iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na adhesives tile, cellulose ether nwere ike ịbawanye oge mmeghe ma gbanwee oge; na ngwa agha spraying n'ibu, ọ nwere ike melite ike structural nke ngwa agha mmiri; na ọkwa nke onwe, ọ nwere ike igbochi mmezi, nkewa na stratification. Ya mere, dị ka ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa, a na-eji cellulose ether eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ntụ ntụ ntụ.
Oge nzipu: Jan-11-2023