01. Okwu mmalite nke cellulose
Cellulose bụ polysaccharide macromolecular nke mejupụtara glucose. Na-adịghị edozi na mmiri na n'ozuzu organic solvents. Ọ bụ akụkụ bụ isi nke mgbidi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ, ọ bụkwa nke a na-ekesa na polysaccharide kachasị ukwuu na okike.
Cellulose bụ ihe kacha emeghari ohuru n'ụwa, ọ bụkwa polymer eke nwere nnukwu mkpokọta. Ọ nwere abamuru nke ịbụ mmeghari ohuru, ihe na-emebi emebi kpamkpam, yana ezigbo ihe ndakọrịta ndụ.
02. Ihe kpatara mgbanwe cellulose
Cellulose macromolecules nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke -OH otu. N'ihi mmetụta nke njikọ hydrogen, ike dị n'etiti macromolecules dịtụ ukwuu, nke ga-eduga na nnukwu agbaze enthalpy △H; N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere mgbanaka na cellulose macromolecules. Dị ka ihe owuwu, nkwụsi ike nke yinye molekụla ka ukwuu, nke ga-eduga na obere mgbaze entropy mgbanwe ΔS. Ihe abụọ a na-eme ka okpomọkụ nke cellulose a wụrụ awụ (= △H / △S) ga-adị elu, na ire ere okpomọkụ nke cellulose dị ntakịrị. Ya mere, mgbe cellulose na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ ụfọdụ, eriri ga-apụta Ihe na-eme ka cellulose emebiwo tupu ya amalite ịgbaze, ya mere, nhazi nke ihe cellulose enweghị ike ịnakwere usoro nke mbụ agbaze wee na-akpụzi.
03. Mgbanwe nke cellulose pụtara
Site n'iji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata ihe onwunwe fossil na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na-arịwanye elu site na textiles kemịkal na-ekpofu ahịhịa na-akpata, mmepe na itinye n'ọrụ nke ihe ndị na-eme ka eriri anụ ahụ na-emegharị anya aghọwo otu n'ime ebe dị ọkụ nke ndị mmadụ na-elebara anya. Cellulose bụ ihe ọkụkụ sitere n'okike na-emeghari ohuru na okike. Ọ nwere ihe ndị magburu onwe ya dị ka hygroscopicity dị mma, antistatic, ikuku ikuku siri ike, ịdị mma dị mma, iyi dị mma, nhazi textile dị mfe, na biodegradability. O nwere njirimara ndị na-enweghị atụ na eriri kemịkal. .
Mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke hydroxyl dị iche iche, nke dị mfe ịmepụta njikọ intramolecular na intermolecular hydrogen, na-erekwa na okpomọkụ dị elu na-enweghị agbaze. Agbanyeghị, cellulose nwere mmeghachi omume dị mma, enwere ike ibibi njikọ hydrogen ya site na mgbanwe kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume grafting, nke nwere ike belata ebe mgbaze nke ọma. Dị ka ngwaahịa dị iche iche nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na textiles, nkewa akpụkpọ anụ, plastik, ụtaba na mkpuchi.
04. Cellulose etherification mgbanwe
Cellulose ether bụ ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose nwetara site na mgbanwe etherification nke cellulose. A na-eji ya n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ihi nkwụsi ike ya dị mma, emulsification, nkwusioru, mmepụta ihe nkiri, colloid nchebe, njigide mmiri, na ihe nrapado. Ejiri ya na nri, ọgwụ, ime akwụkwọ, agba, ihe ụlọ, wdg.
Etherification nke cellulose bụ usoro mmepụta nke mmeghachi omume nke otu hydroxyl na-emepụta na cellulose molecular chain with alkylating agents n'okpuru ọnọdụ alkaline. Oriri nke hydroxyl dị iche iche na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke njikọ hydrogen intermolecular iji belata ike nke intermolecular, si otú ahụ mee ka nkwụsi ike nke cellulose dịkwuo mma, melite arụmọrụ nke ihe, ma n'otu oge ahụ belata nkwụsị nke cellulose.
Ihe atụ nke mmetụta nke mgbanwe etherification na ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke cellulose:
N'iji owu a nụchara anụcha dị ka ihe bụ isi, ndị nchọpụta ahụ jiri usoro etherification nke otu nzọụkwụ na-akwadebe carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose complex ether na mmeghachi omume edo edo, viscosity dị elu, nguzogide acid dị mma na nguzogide nnu site na alkalization na mmeghachi omume etherification. N'iji usoro etherification nke otu nzọụkwụ, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose emepụtara nwere ezigbo nguzogide nnu, nguzogide acid na solubility. Site n'ịgbanwe nha nke propylene oxide na chloroacetic acid, enwere ike ịkwadebe ngwaahịa nwere ọdịnaya carboxymethyl na hydroxypropyl dị iche iche. Nsonaazụ ule na-egosi na carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose mepụtara site na otu nzọụkwụ nwere obere mmepụta okirikiri, obere ihe mgbaze oriri, na ngwaahịa nwere magburu onwe iguzogide monovalent na divalent salts na ezi acid iguzogide.
05. Atụmanya nke cellulose etherification mgbanwe
Cellulose bụ ihe dị mkpa kemịkalụ na kemịkalụ akụrụngwa nke bara ụba na akụrụngwa, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi, yana mmeghari ohuru. Ihe mmepụta nke cellulose etherification modification nwere arụmọrụ dị mma, ọtụtụ ihe eji eme ihe na mmetụta dị mma nke ọma, na-egbo mkpa nke akụ na ụba mba ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu. Na mkpa nke na-elekọta mmadụ mmepe, na-aga n'ihu na nkà na ụzụ ọganihu na mmezu nke azụmahịa na-eme n'ọdịnihu, ma ọ bụrụ na sịntetik akụrụngwa na sịntetik ụzọ nke cellulose mmepụta nwere ike ọzọ ulo oru, ha ga-n'ụzọ zuru ezu tinye n'ọrụ na-aghọta a wider nso nke ngwa. . Uru
Oge nzipu: Feb-20-2023