Ụdị admixtures ndị a na-ejikarị na-ewu ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ, njirimara arụmọrụ ha, usoro ihe omume, na mmetụta ha na arụmọrụ nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ. A tụlere nke ọma mmetụta mmelite nke ndị na-ejigide mmiri dị ka cellulose ether na starch ether, redispersible latex powder and fiber material na arụmọrụ nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ.
Admixtures na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'ịkwalite arụmọrụ nke ụlọ akọrọ-agwakọta ngwa agha, ma mgbakwunye nke akọrọ-agwakọta ngwa agha na-eme ka ihe onwunwe na-eri nke akọrọ-agwakọta ngwa agha ngwaahịa budata elu karịa nke omenala ngwa agha, nke na-akpata ihe karịrị 40% nke. ihe onwunwe na-eri na akọrọ-agwakọta ngwa agha. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-enye akụkụ dị ukwuu nke admixture site n'aka ndị nrụpụta si mba ọzọ, onye na-ebubata ya na-enyekwa usoro ntinye aka nke ngwaahịa ahụ. N'ihi ya, na-eri nke akọrọ-agwakọta ngwa agha ngwaahịa na-anọgide dị elu, na ọ na-esi ike popularize nkịtị masonry na plasta ngwa agha na nnukwu quantities na mbara ebe; A na-achịkwa ngwaahịa ahịa dị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị si mba ọzọ, na ndị na-emepụta ngwa agha akọrọ akọrọ na-enweta uru dị ala na adịghị mma ọnụ ahịa; Enweghị nyocha nke usoro na nke ezubere iche maka ntinye nke ọgwụ, na usoro mba ọzọ na-agbasochi anya.
Dabere na ihe ndị a dị n'elu, akwụkwọ a na-enyocha ma na-atụnyere ụfọdụ ihe ndị bụ isi nke ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe, na ndabere nke a, na-amụ ọrụ nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ site na iji admixtures.
1 onye na-ejigide mmiri
Ihe na-ejigide mmiri bụ isi ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị mma na-arụ ọrụ nke mmiri akọrọ akọrọ, na ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa iji chọpụta ọnụ ahịa ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ.
1. Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bụ okwu n'ozuzu maka usoro ngwaahịa nke etolite site na mmeghachi omume nke cellulose alkali na etherifying n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. Alkali cellulose na-anọchi anya dị iche iche etherifying ọrụ iji nweta dị iche iche cellulose ether. Dị ka ionization Njirimara nke nnọchi, cellulose ethers nwere ike kewaa ụzọ abụọ: ionic (dị ka carboxymethyl cellulose) na-abụghị ionic (dị ka methyl cellulose). Dị ka ụdị nnọchi, ether cellulose nwere ike kewaa monoether (dị ka methyl cellulose) na ngwakọta ether (dị ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Dị ka dị iche iche solubility, ọ nwere ike kewara n'ime mmiri-soluble (dị ka hydroxyethyl cellulose) na organic mgbaze-soluble (dị ka ethyl cellulose), wdg Dry-agwakọta ngwa agha bụ tumadi mmiri-soluble cellulose, na mmiri-soluble cellulose bụ. kewara n'ime ụdị ngwa ngwa na elu ọgwụgwọ na-egbu oge ụdị mgbasa.
Usoro ọrụ nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha bụ ndị a:
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-adị mfe mgbaze na mmiri oyi, ọ ga-enwekwa ihe isi ike na igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ma gelation okpomọkụ ya na mmiri ọkụ dị nnọọ elu karịa nke methyl cellulose. A na-emeziwanye ihe solubility na mmiri oyi ma e jiri ya tụnyere methyl cellulose.
(2) Viscosity nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-ejikọta ya na arọ molekụla ya, na ibu ibu nke molekụla, otú ahụ ka viscosity dị elu. Okpomọkụ na-emetụtakwa viscosity ya, ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye, viscosity na-ebelata. Otú ọ dị, nnukwu viscosity ya nwere mmetụta okpomọkụ dị ala karịa methyl cellulose. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike mgbe echekwara ya na ụlọ okpomọkụ.
(3) Njide mmiri nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-adabere na ego mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, wdg, na ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri ya n'okpuru otu ihe mgbakwunye ahụ dị elu karịa nke methyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwụsiri ike na acid na alkali, na ngwọta mmiri ya kwụsiri ike na pH = 2 ~ 12. Caustic soda na mmiri lime enweghị mmetụta dị nta na arụmọrụ ya, mana alkali nwere ike mee ka mgbasa ya dị ngwa ma mee ka viscosity ya dịkwuo elu. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwụsiri ike na nnu nkịtị, ma mgbe ntinye nke ngwọta nnu dị elu, viscosity nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ngwọta na-ebuli elu.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nwere ike ịgwakọta ya na mmiri-soluble polymer ogige na-etolite a edo na elu viscosity ngwọta. Dị ka mmanya polyvinyl, starch ether, chịngọm akwukwo nri, wdg.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nwere nguzogide enzyme dị mma karịa methylcellulose, na ngwọta ya adịkwaghị ka ọ ga-emebi site na enzymes karịa methylcellulose.
(7) Nrapanye nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na mgbidi ngwa agha dị elu karịa nke methylcellulose.
2. Methylcellulose (MC)
Mgbe ejiri alkali mesoo owu a nụchara anụcha, a na-emepụta cellulose ether site na mmeghachi omume nke methane chloride dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe. N'ozuzu, ogo nke nnọchi bụ 1.6 ~ 2.0, na solubility dịkwa iche na ọkwa dị iche iche nke nnọchi. Ọ bụ nke cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic.
(1) Methylcellulose na-agbaze na mmiri oyi, ọ ga-esikwa ike igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ihe ngwọta ya na-edozi ahụ kwụsiri ike na pH = 3 ~ 12. Ọ nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta na starch, guar gum, wdg na ọtụtụ surfactants. Mgbe okpomọkụ na-erute okpomọkụ gelation, gelation na-eme.
(2) Njide mmiri nke methyl cellulose na-adabere na ego mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, urughuru mma na mgbasa ozi. N'ozuzu, ọ bụrụ na ego mgbakwunye buru ibu, ịdị mma dị ntakịrị, na viscosity dị ukwuu, ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri dị elu. N'ime ha, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbakwunye na-enwe mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na njide mmiri, na ọkwa nke viscosity adịghị adabere kpọmkwem na ọkwa nke njide mmiri. The mgbasa ọnụego tumadi na-adabere n'ókè nke elu mgbanwe nke cellulose ahụ na urughuru fineness. N'ime cellulose ethers dị n'elu, methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri dị elu.
(3) Mgbanwe na okpomọkụ ga-emetụta oke njide mmiri nke methyl cellulose. N'ozuzu, ka okpomọkụ dị elu, na-akawanye njọ njigide mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ nke ngwa agha gafere 40 Celsius, njide mmiri nke methyl cellulose ga-ebelata nke ukwuu, na-emetụta nrụnye ngwa ngwa.
(4) Methyl cellulose nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama n'iwu na adhesion nke ngwa agha. “Adhesion” ebe a na-ezo aka na ike nrapado a na-enwe n'etiti ngwa ngwa onye ọrụ na mkpụrụ mgbidi, ya bụ, nkwụsi ike nke ngwa agha ahụ. Nchikota dị elu, nkwụsị nke mgbochi nke ngwa agha dị ukwuu, na ike nke ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụkwa ọrụ buru ibu, na ịrụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha adịghị mma. Methyl cellulose adhesion dị na agafeghị oke na ngwaahịa ether cellulose.
3. Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
A na-eme ya site na owu a nụchara anụcha na alkali, wee meghachi omume na ethylene oxide dị ka onye na-eme ka etherification na ọnụnọ acetone. Ogo nke nnọchi bụ n'ozuzu 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ọ nwere hydrophilicity siri ike ma dị mfe ịmịkọrọ mmiri.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose na-agbaze na mmiri oyi, ma ọ na-esiri ike igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike na oke okpomọkụ na-enweghị gelling. Enwere ike iji ya ogologo oge n'okpuru nnukwu okpomọkụ na ngwa agha, mana njide mmiri ya dị ala karịa nke methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose kwụsiri ike ruo n'ozuzu acid na alkali. Alkali nwere ike mee ka mgbasa ya dịkwuo ngwa ma mee ka viscosity ya dịkwuo ntakịrị. Mgbasa ya na mmiri dị ntakịrị njọ karịa nke methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. .
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose nwere ezigbo mgbochi sag arụmọrụ maka ngwa agha, ma ọ nwere ogologo oge na-azụ azụ maka ciment.
(4) Arụmọrụ nke hydroxyethyl cellulose nke ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ na-emepụta dị ala karịa nke methyl cellulose n'ihi nnukwu mmiri na ọdịnaya ntụ dị elu.
Starch ether
A na-emezi ethers starch eji na ngwa agha site na polymer eke nke ụfọdụ polysaccharides. Dị ka poteto, ọka, akpu, agwa agwa na ihe ndị ọzọ.
1. Mgbanwe starch
Starch ether emegharịrị site na nduku, ọka, akpu, wdg nwere njide mmiri dị ala karịa cellulose ether. N'ihi mgbanwe dị iche iche nke mgbanwe, nkwụsi ike na acid na alkali dị iche. Ụfọdụ ngwaahịa dị mma maka iji ngwa agha gypsum, ebe ndị ọzọ nwere ike iji ya mee ihe na ciment. Ngwa nke starch ether na ngwa agha na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ iji meziwanye ihe mgbochi nke ngwa agha, belata nrachi nke ngwa agha mmiri, na ịgbatị oge mmeghe.
A na-ejikarị ethers starch eme ihe na cellulose, nke mere na njirimara na uru nke ngwaahịa abụọ a na-ejikọta ibe ha. Ebe ọ bụ na ngwaahịa starch ether dị ọnụ ala karịa cellulose ether, ntinye nke starch ether na ngwa agha ga-eweta mbelata dị ukwuu na ọnụahịa nke ngwa ngwa.
2. Guar gum ether
Guar gum ether bụ ụdị starch ether nwere ihe pụrụ iche, nke a na-agbanwe site na agwa agwa gua. tumadi site na mmeghachi omume etherification nke guar gum na acrylic functional group, a na-emepụta usoro nwere 2-hydroxypropyl na-arụ ọrụ, nke bụ usoro polygalactomannose.
(1) E jiri ya tụnyere cellulose ether, guar gum ether bụ ihe soluble na mmiri. Njirimara nke pH guar ethers adịghị emetụta ya.
(2) N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke viscosity dị ala na obere doses, guar gum nwere ike dochie cellulose ether na nha nha, ma nwee njigide mmiri yiri ya. Ma agbanwe agbanwe, mgbochi sag, thixotropy na ndị ọzọ na-doro anya ka mma.
(3) N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke viscosity dị elu na nnukwu doses, guar gum enweghị ike dochie cellulose ether, na ngwakọta ejikọtara nke abụọ ga-emepụta arụmọrụ ka mma.
(4) Ngwa nke guar chịngọm na ngwa agha nke gypsum nwere ike belata nke ọma n'oge a na-ewu ụlọ ma mee ka ihe owuwu ahụ dị nro. Ọ nweghị mmetụta ọjọọ na ịtọ oge na ike nke ngwa agha gypsum.
3. Mgbanwe ịnweta mmiri na-ejigide thickener
A na-etinye akwa mmiri na-ejigide mmiri nke sitere na mineral eke sitere na mgbanwe na ngwakọta na China. Isi mineral ndị a na-eji akwadebe ihe ndị na-ejigide mmiri bụ: sepiolite, bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolin, wdg. mineral ndị a nwere ụfọdụ ihe na-ejigide mmiri na ihe na-eme ka mmiri sie ike site na mgbanwe dị ka ndị na-ejikọta ọnụ. Ụdị ihe mgbochi mmiri a na-etinye na ngwa agha nwere àgwà ndị a.
(1) Ọ nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha nkịtị, ma dozie nsogbu nke adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ngwa ngwa ciment, ike dị ala nke ngwa agha agwakọta, na nguzogide mmiri na-adịghị mma.
(2) Enwere ike ịmepụta ngwaahịa ngwa ngwa nwere ọkwa ike dị iche iche maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ụlọ obodo.
(3) Ọnụ ihe onwunwe dị ntakịrị karịa nke cellulose ether na starch ether.
(4) Njide mmiri dị ala karịa nke onye na-ahụ maka mmiri na-edozi mmiri, ọnụ ahịa nkụchi nke akọrọ nke ngwa ngwa a kwadebere dị ukwuu, na ịdị n'otu na-ebelata.
Polymer roba ntụ ntụ na-agbanwe agbanwe
A na-edozi ntụ ntụ rọba na-agbanwe agbanwe site na ihicha ihicha nke emulsion polymer pụrụ iche. N'ime usoro nhazi, colloid na-echebe, onye na-eme ihe na-emepụta ihe, wdg na-aghọ ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa. The akpọnwụ roba ntụ ntụ bụ ụfọdụ okirikiri ahụ nke 80 ~ 100mm gbakọtara ọnụ. Ihe ndị a soluble na mmiri na-etolite a anụ dispersion ubé ibu karịa mbụ emulsion ahụ. Mgbasa a ga-etolite ihe nkiri mgbe akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na nkụ. Ihe nkiri a bụ ihe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha dị ka nhazi ihe nkiri emulsion n'ozuzu, ọ gaghịkwa agbasa mgbe ọ zutere mmiri. Mgbasa.
Enwere ike kewaa ntụ ntụ roba na-agbanwe agbanwe: styrene-butadiene copolymer, tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, wdg, dabere na nke a, silicone, vinyl laurate, wdg na-anyadokwa iji meziwanye arụmọrụ. Usoro mgbanwe dị iche iche na-eme ka ntụ ntụ rọba na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere ihe dị iche iche dị ka mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri, nkwụsị alkali, nkwụsị ihu igwe na mgbanwe. Nwere vinyl laurate na silicone, nke nwere ike ime ka ntụ ntụ rọba nwee ezigbo hydrophobicity. vinyl tertiary carbonate nwere nnukwu alaka nwere uru Tg dị ala yana ezigbo mgbanwe.
Mgbe a na-etinye ụdị ntụ ntụ rọba ndị a na ngwa agha, ha niile na-enwe mmetụta na-egbu oge na nhazi oge ciment, ma mmetụta na-egbu oge dị ntakịrị karịa nke ngwa ngwa nke emulsions yiri ya. N'iji ya tụnyere, styrene-butadiene nwere mmetụta nkwụsị nke kasị ukwuu, na ethylene-vinyl acetate nwere mmetụta nkwụsịtụ kacha nta. Ọ bụrụ na usoro onunu ogwu ahụ dị ntakịrị, mmetụta nke imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha adịghị apụta ìhè.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-03-2023