1 Okwu mmalite
China anọwo na-akwalite ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta ihe karịrị afọ 20. Karịsịa n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ngalaba gọọmentị mba dị mkpa etinyela aka na mmepe nke ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta ma nyekwa amụma agbamume. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere ihe karịrị ógbè na obodo iri na mba ahụ ejirila ngwa agha gwakọtara agwakọta. Karịrị 60%, enwere ụlọ ọrụ ngwa agha agwakọtara ihe karịrị 800 dị elu karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ nkịtị, yana ikike imepụta kwa afọ nke nde tọn 274. Na 2021, mmepụta kwa afọ nke ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta bụ nde tọn 62.02.
N'oge usoro ihe owuwu ahụ, ngwa agha na-atụfukarị mmiri buru ibu ma ghara inwe oge zuru oke na mmiri iji mee ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, na-eme ka ike gwụ ya na mgbawa nke cement ciment mgbe ọ gbasiri ike. Cellulose ether bụ ihe na-emekarị polymer admixture na akọrọ-agwakọta ngwa agha. Ọ nwere ọrụ nke njide mmiri, ịgbara mmiri, nkwụsịtụ na ntinye ikuku, ma nwee ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ.
Iji mee ka ngwa agha ahụ zute ihe ndị a chọrọ n'ụgbọ njem ma dozie nsogbu nke mgbawa na ike njikọ dị ala, ọ dị ezigbo mkpa ịgbakwunye cellulose ether na ngwa agha. Isiokwu a na-ewebata n'ụzọ dị nkenke njirimara nke cellulose ether na mmetụta ya na ịrụ ọrụ nke ihe ndị dabeere na ciment, na-atụ anya na ọ ga-enyere aka dozie nsogbu ndị metụtara nkà na ụzụ nke ngwa agha dị njikere.
2 Okwu mmalite nke cellulose ether
A na-eme cellulose ether (cellulose ether) site na cellulose site na mmeghachi omume etherification nke otu ma ọ bụ karịa etherification na-egweri.
2.1 Nhazi nke cellulose ethers
Dị ka usoro kemịkalụ nke ether nọchiri anya, ethers cellulose nwere ike kewaa n'ime anionic, cationic na nonionic ethers. Ionic cellulose ethers tumadi gụnyere carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); Ethers cellulose na-abụghị ionic gụnyere methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) na hydroxyethyl fiber Ether (HC) na ndị ọzọ. A na-ekewa ethers na-abụghị ionic n'ime ethers mmiri na-edozi mmiri na ethers mmanụ. A na-eji ethers na-abụghị ionic mmiri eme ihe na ngwaahịa ngwa ngwa. Na ọnụnọ nke calcium ion, ionic cellulose ethers adịghị eguzosi ike n'ihe, n'ihi ya, ha na-adịkarịghị eji na akọrọ-mix ngwa agha ngwaahịa na-eji ciment, slaked lime, wdg dị ka cimenting ihe. A na-eji ethers cellulose na-adịghị ion-ionic mmiri eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu ụlọ n'ihi nkwụsi ike nkwusioru ha na mmetụta njide mmiri.
Dị ka ihe dị iche iche etherification ahọpụtara na etherification usoro, cellulose ether ngwaahịa gụnyere methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl, benzyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl, benzyl cellulose na benzyl cellulose. phenyl cellulose.
Cellulose ethers eji na ngwa agha na-agụnyekarị methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) na hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC) N'ime ha, HPMC na HEMC bụ ndị kasị eji.
2.2 Njirimara kemịkalụ nke cellulose ether
Eter cellulose ọ bụla nwere usoro nhazi nke cellulose-anhydroglucose. Na usoro nke ịmepụta cellulose ether, a na-ebu ụzọ kpoo eriri cellulose na ngwọta alkaline wee mesoo ya na onye na-emepụta ihe. A na-asachapụ ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume fibrous na ala ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ntụ nke nwere ezigbo mma.
Na mmepụta nke MC, naanị methyl chloride na-eji dị ka etherifying ihe; na mgbakwunye na methyl chloride, a na-ejikwa propylene oxide nweta ihe mgbakwunye hydroxypropyl na mmepụta nke HPMC. Dị iche iche cellulose ethers nwere dị iche iche methyl na hydroxypropyl ọnụego nnọchi, nke na-emetụta organic ndakọrịta na thermal gel okpomọkụ nke cellulose ether ngwọta.
2.3 Njirimara mgbasa nke cellulose ether
Njirimara mgbasa nke cellulose ether nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na arụ ọrụ nke ciment mortar. Enwere ike iji cellulose ether mee ka ịdị n'otu na njigide mmiri nke ụrọ ciment, ma nke a dabere na ether cellulose na-agbaze kpamkpam na mmiri. Isi ihe na-emetụta mgbasa nke cellulose ether bụ oge nkwụsịtụ, na-akpali ọsọ na ntụ ntụ.
2.4 Ọrụ nke imikpu na ngwa ngwa ciment
Dị ka ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa nke ciment slurry, Destroy nwere mmetụta ya na akụkụ ndị a.
(1) Melite ịrụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha ma mee ka viscosity nke ngwa agha dịkwuo elu.
Ịbanye jet ire ọkụ nwere ike igbochi ngwa agha ahụ ikewapụ wee nweta otu ahụ na otu plastik. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụlọ ntu na-agụnye HEMC, HPMC, wdg, dị mma maka ngwa ngwa na plasta. , Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke shear, okpomọkụ, ịda mbà n'obi na ntinye nnu gbazere.
(2) Ọ nwere mmetụta ikuku-entraining.
N'ihi adịghị ọcha, mmeghe nke otu n'ime ihe ndị ahụ na-ebelata ike elu nke ihe ndị ahụ, ọ dịkwa mfe ịmebata anụ ahụ kwụsiri ike, edo na mma n'ime ngwa agha agwakọta ya na elu na-akpali akpali na usoro ahụ. "Ịrụ ọrụ bọl" na-eme ka arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma, na-ebelata mmiri nke ngwa agha ma na-ebelata okpomọkụ nke ngwa agha. Nnwale egosiwo na mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ ngwakọta nke HEMC na HPMC bụ 0.5%, ọdịnaya gas nke ngwa agha bụ nke kachasị, ihe dịka 55%; mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ ngwakọta dị ukwuu karịa 0.5%, ọdịnaya nke ngwa agha ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-etolite ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọnụọgụ gas na-abawanye.
(3) Debe ya na-agbanweghị agbanwe.
Ihe waksị ahụ nwere ike igbari, mma mmanu na kpalite n'ime ngwa agha ahụ, ma mee ka ọ dị nro nke ngwa ngwa na plasta ntụ ntụ. Ọ dịghị mkpa ka a na-agba ya mmiri tupu oge eruo. Mgbe emechara ya, ihe cimenti nwere ike ịnwe ogologo oge nke mmiri na-aga n'ihu n'akụkụ ụsọ mmiri iji meziwanye njikọ dị n'etiti ngwa ngwa na mkpụrụ.
Mmetụta mgbanwe nke cellulose ether na ihe ọhụrụ sitere na ciment na-agụnye ịgbatị, njide mmiri, ntinye ikuku na nkwụghachi azụ. Site n'iji cellulose ethers eme ihe na ihe ndị sitere na ciment, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ethers cellulose na ciment slurry na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-aghọ ebe nyocha.
Oge nzipu: Dec-16-2021